Manufacturing Resource Planning Models

Assembling Resource Planning Models Assembling Resource Planning Models under Uncertainty and Commonality for Multi-items Multi-period Multistage Production Environment Section 3: Literature Review In this section, the accompanying territories of exploration are examined to establish the framework for the proposed scientific models: fabricating assets arranging foundation, advantages and confinements; producing assets arranging models under various vulnerabilities; and shared trait in assembling assets arranging models. 3.1 Evolution of assembling condition The field of creation arranging and control has experienced huge change over the most recent 50 years. Before the 1960s, stock was constrained by a manual framework, using different procedures: stock renewal, reorder focuses, EOQ (monetary request amount) (McGarrie, 1998), and ABC arrangements, to give some examples (Ptak, 1991). Gilbert and Schonberger (1983) give a past filled with creation control, while Lee (1993) remarks that by the mid-1970s, enough experience of material prerequisites arranging (MRP) had been picked up and the significance of the ace creation plan (MPS) was figured it out. During the 1950s, MRP were the for one thing the-rack business applications to help the creation and support of material ace information and bill-of-materials (request based 14 arranging) over all items and parts in at least one plants. These early bundles had the option to process mass information yet just with constrained handling profundity (Klaus et al., 2000). From the 1940s to the mid 1960s, material control comprised of essential ‘order point formulae used to keep up a level normal stock equalization. In 1965, Joseph Orlicky of the J. I. Case Company conceived another way to deal with material administration, called material necessity arranging (MRP) to fill in as a stage to respond to four inquiries, known as the ‘Universal Manufacturing Equation (Towers et al., 2005): What are we going to make, What does it take to make, What do we have and What do we need to get. The separate answer of the initial three inquiries lie in the outline of creation plan: the ace creation plan (MPS), the bill of material (BOM) and the physical stock records themselves. While MRP was positively a huge improvement over straightforward manual technique, the possibility to extend its limit considerably additionally was before long perceived. A companys creation is obliged by its stock need as well as by gear and staff limit, feature of the plant not considered in the Universal Manufacturing Equation. MRP at its center is a period staged request discharge framework that timetables and discharges producing work requests and buy orders, with the goal that sub-congregations and segments show up at the gathering station similarly as they are required. As serious weights expanded and clients turned out to be increasingly modern, MRP advanced and extended to incorporate more business capacities, for example, item costing and advertising. In 1975 the cutting edge framework, Closed-Loop MRP, incorporated limit factors into the MRP structure and utilized criticism on creation status to keep up the legitimacy of arranging choices as prerequisites changed. One pivotal connection in the assembling choice chain was all the while missing-the money related perspective. With appearance of PC framework in the mid 1980s the advancement of viable shop-floor booking devices had around then been overwhelmed by the top down methodology of assembling asset arranging known as MRP II for controlling creation tasks (Towers et al., 2005). The presentation of MRP II five years after the fact served to overcome any issues. The operational Closed-Loop MRP plan, introduced in material units, for example, pieces and pounds, was converted into monetary dollar terms, empowering the whole association to work off a solitary arrangement of information. Recreation capacity was additionally evolved to respond to ‘what if arranging inquiries with activity situated answers. A significant motivation behind MRP II is to coordinate essential capacities (for example creation, promoting and money) and different capacities, for example, work force, designing and buying into the arranging procedure to improve the effectiveness of the assembling undertaking (Chen, 2001, Chung and Snyder, 2000, Mabert et al., 2001). MRP II has certain augmentations like harsh cut scope organization and limit necessities getting ready for creation booking on the shop floor just as input from assembling shops on the advancement of manufacture. Since the 1980s, the quantity of MRP II establishments has kept on expanding, as MRP II applications opened up on smaller than expected and miniaturized scale PCs (Siriginidi, 2000). Like MRP, MRP II concentrated on the assembling procedure. At that point MRP II was reached out towards the more specialized zones that spread the item advancement and creation forms. PC Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) provided the whole calculated structure for the coordination of all business managerial and specialized elements of an organization, for example, account, deals and dispersion, and HR (Klaus et al., 2000). The following phase of MRP II development was in the nick of time (JIT) approach that joined with the diving cost of figuring to make the islands of mechanization in late 1980s. In the course of the most recent 60 years, numerous PPC frameworks and ways of thinking have been created. These incorporate material prerequisites arranging (MRP), fabricating asset arranging (MRP II), undertaking asset arranging (ERP), without a moment to spare (JIT), upgraded creation innovation (OPT), propelled creation planning (APS), gracefully chain the executives (SCM) and client relationship the board (CRM), either utilized exclusively or together (Koh, 2004). 3.1.1 Material prerequisite arranging (MRP) Kulonda (2000) descried the development of MRP, partitioning it in three unique universes. In the main world, MPS things regularly are done end things made to stock; MPS is expressed regarding estimate thing request changed over to a progression of creation parts by means of time-staged request focuses or different principles. In the subsequent world, the MPS could possibly be expressed as end things constructed totally to arrange. On the off chance that reaction time were not an issue, this methodology would work very well. Serious power, be that as it may, regularly require shorter reaction times and definitely some stocking of in any event the longest lead time things happen. A moderately enormous number of various segments are collected to finish a final result that may have numerous particular variations. The third universe of MRP has all the multifaceted nature of the second world with the extra confusion that generally various end things are worked from moderately barely any c rude materials. This can be pictured to some degree level include graphs appeared in 3.1. Inside the MRP framework various standards should be indicated. They include: adequate parcel sizes, wellbeing stocks and reject stipends. There are three standards of MRP. They are: subject to interest for the last item; mesh of stock with anticipated that conveyances and open requests should give a parity close by; and time staging by utilizing data on lead times and needs. Three essential MRP contributions to the framework are: ace creation plan (MPS); the organized BOM for the MPS; and data on inventories, open requests and lead times. The point of MRP frameworks is to limit cost of inventories and keep up client support levels. MRP benefits incorporate the capacity to quickly rethink and re-plan for reaction to changes in a unique domain. It is adaptable and receptive to the client needs (Hines, 2004). The triumphs and dissatisfactions of MRP just as the key inadequacies of MRP (material necessity arranging) are concentrated by Plenert (1999). He researches results of the insufficiencies implies in the event that they are not revised. The troubles experienced by firms in the execution procedure of MRP might be followed back to various variables. The multifaceted nature of MRP frameworks, which, obviously, is a relative idea changing as indicated by the degree of information and experience accessible inside the firm preceding execution (Wortmann, 1998, Wilson et al., 1994, Luscombe, 1994). There are typically a few boundaries to be started while executing standard programming. A lot of escalated preparing is required. Truth be told, despite the fact that end-clients are normally prepared on a restricted measure of usefulness, key clients need to get significant specialized skill. The associations essentially under-gauge the degree to which they need to change so as to oblige their buy. The compelling administration of innovative change requires transformational initiative (Brown, 1994). One of the issues to a great extent felt as basic concerns the opposition of chiefs and staff to the authoritative change that is initiated by the reception of new advances. To this respect, a few creators have underlined the significance of a sound association of shop-floor laborers (Sommer, 1998, Weill et al., 1991). Important pertinence has likewise been put in the alluding writing to mechanical issues, for example, the inadmissibility of MRP frameworks to advance the interior work process. Truth be told, visit changes in plans, an issue alluded to as creation anxiety, is a snag to fruitful usage of MRP frameworks (Duchessi et al., 1998). Material Requirements Planning (MRP) has fallen into disgrace in 1980s, as exhibited by the broad writing and gathering material coming out of associations like the American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS) which examine its inadequacies (Berger, 1987). MRP has gotten solid difficulties of its viability from Japan. It is accepted that the main thing which is as yet keeping such huge numbers of producers with MRP is the trouble in changing over to other (Plenert, 1999). Taking a gander at MRPs fundamental way of thinking, we ought to have the option to concentrate our booking just on what materials are required, and when they are required (Plenert, 1990b, Ritzman et al., 1984, Chase and Aquilano,

Dissertation in Science Education Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Blog Archive In Other News TED Talks, Schwarzman Scholars, and the Best International Business Schools

Blog Archive In Other News… TED Talks, Schwarzman Scholars, and the Best International Business Schools The business school world is constantly buzzing with change and innovation. Each week, in addition to our regular news posts, we briefly touch on a few notable stories from this dynamic field in one roundup. Here is what caught our eye this week: Thanks to the Internet, lessons typically taught inside the walls of business schools are now at everyone’s fingertips. TED Talks are an easy way to gain new perspectives and learn from top experts around the world. Inc. has gathered ten of the most fascinating talksâ€"ranging from “The Power of Vulnerability,” in which Brené Brown, a research professor at the University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work, explains how to turn vulnerability into an asset, and “How Great Leaders Serve Others,” author David Marquet’s tale of what his experiences as a naval ship captain taught him about leadership. The University of Oxford’s Saïd Business School is hoping to attract some of the world’s brightest minds with a new double degree. Those who will enroll in the one-year Master of Global Affairs program at the new Schwarzman Scholars-Tsinghua University in 2016 can apply to Saïd for a second master’s degree and continue their education in the U.K. “Through this partnership, students with a particular interest in business can have a really unparalleled exposure to top professors in the field from around the world,” Steve Schwarzman, CEO and founder of investment firm The Blackstone Group, told Financial Times. Schwarzman’s $100M donation in July 2013 established the Schwarzman Scholars-Tsinghua University Master of Global Affairs program. Prospective MBAs commonly review business school rankings when evaluating U.S. schools, but amazing programs also can be found across the world. In addition to U.S.-based school rankings, Forbes offers an international perspective in its 2015 Best Business Schools list. Based on the return on investment for students, London Business School ranked number one among two-year international MBA programs, while Spain-based IESE Business School came in second and HEC Paris claimed the number three spot. Although European schools dominated the top three, schools in such countries as China (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China Europe International Business School), Mexico (IPADE Business School), and Canada (Schulich School of Business at York University) ranked highly as well. Share ThisTweet News

Utilitarianism And The Political And Economic Aspects Of...

Utilitarianism in the political and economic aspects of development has been widely recognized and human social practice plays a huge impact. But the utilitarian always at the place of criticism, misunderstanding. People tend to equate utilitarianism simply with individualism. In fact, the means of utilitarianism not only consider a behaviour and motivation, and to emphasize life purpose should emerge to the scope of his own happiness, to care about other people s happiness and the improvement of the human condition, from self-interest to self-sacrifice, is a kind of noble moral sentiment pursue â€Å"maximizing utility†. This essay will talk about what utilitarianism is and how to solve the problem when we as a utilitarian. What utilitarianism is? What is a standard of human behaviors’ true or false, and what is the moral basis? Utilitarianism gives the answer. Utilitarianism is the claim that the right action is that action which maximizes utility. Utilitarianism think that people should be made a behavior of â€Å"maximizing utility†, the so-called good calculation must rely on the behavior of each individual involved going to feel the sum of each individual is treated as the same quantity, and happiness and pain can be reduced, the pain is only the pleasure of negative. It is different from general ethics, utilitarian don t consider a personal behavior motive and means, only consider a behavior of results on the influence of the maximum joy. Can increase the maximum happinessShow MoreRelatedContemporary Mainstream Approaches : Neo Realism And Neo Liberalism1527 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 8: Contemporary mainstream approaches (neo-realism and neo-liberalism) In the previous chapters, we’ve taken a broad glance of Realism and Liberalism; in this chapter we take a look at the modern version of these political theories and their respective differences. Although Realism and Neo-realism are close in name, they aren’t that close in ideologies. Both theories differ on their definitions of power and anarchy along with their respective model structures of the international system.Read More The Principles of Justice1528 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Rawls, justice is best understood by a grasp of the principles of justice (Rawls, 1971). The principles are expected to represent the moral basis of political government. These principles indicate that humankind needs liberty and freedom so long as they do harm others. Rawls states that justice is significant to human development and prosperity. According to Rawls, the challenge of justice is to ensure a just distribution of primary goods that include powers and opportunities, rightsRead MoreAccounting Practice Contributes to a Just Distribution of Resources1602 Words   |  7 Pages Mostly every economic system around the world has laws and regulations, which can result in unequal treatment or unequal distribution of goods and services among different people. Some laws favor certain members within a community while putting a burden on other members. An economic system is, for the most part, a result of political processes developed by humans and the processes are ever evolving within societies. The legal structure of an economic and political system are important becauseRead MoreShould Companies Bear The Corporate Social Responsibility Of Employment Practices Among The Multinational Corporations?1299 Words   |  6 Pagesof employment practices among the multinational corporations? 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Group Behaviour Meaning - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 292 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Sociology Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Television Essay Did you like this example? Group behavior meaning Group behaviour  in  sociology  refers to the situations where people interact in  large  or  small groups. The field of group dynamics deals with small groups that may reach  consensus  and act in a coordinated way. Groups of a large number of people in a given area may act simultaneously to achieve a goal that differs from what individuals would do acting alone (herd behaviour). A large group (a  crowd  or  mob) is likely to show examples of group behaviour when people gathered in a given place and time act in a similar way—for example, joining aprotest  or march, participating in a  fight  or acting  patriotically. Special forms of large group behaviour are: * crowd  hysteria * spectators when a group of people gathered together on purpose to participate in an event like  theatre  play,  cinema  movie,  football  match, a  concert, etc. * public   exception to the rule that the group must occ upy the same physical place. People watching same channel on television may react in the same way, as they are occupying the same type of place in front of television although they may physically be doing this all over the world. Group behaviour differs from  mass actions  which refers to people behaving similarly on a more global scale (for example, shoppers in different shops), while group behaviour refers usually to people in one place. If the group behaviour is coordinated, then it is called  group action. Swarm intelligence  is a special case of group behaviour, referring to the interaction between a group of agents in order to fulfil a given task. This type of group dynamics has received much attention by the  soft computing  community in the form of the  particle swarm optimization  family of algorithms. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Group Behaviour Meaning" essay for you Create order

Early Civilizations and the Dawn of the Medieval Age Essay

Early Civilizations and the Dawn of the Medieval Age History is an account of mans achievements during the last five thousand years. Though man has been on this planet for about 500,000 years, history only covers a part of this period. The reason for this is that history is essentially based on written documents However the art of writing become known to man, only after 3000 B. C. 1.1 History : Meaning and Importance The word history is derived from the Greek noun historia meaning inquiry or research. Aristotle regarded it as a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological ordering was a factor in the account. The term history has now come to be applied to accounts of events that are†¦show more content†¦It may be said that history is to the human race, what memory is to each man. It sheds the light of the past upon the present, thus helping one to understand oneself, by making one acquainted with other peoples. Also, as one studies the rise and fall of empires and civilizations, the lessons of the past help one to avoid the pitfalls of the present. History makes ones life richer by giving meaning to the books one reads, the cities one visits or the music one hears. It also broadens ones outlook by presenting to one an admixture of races, a mingling of cultures and a spectacular drama of the making of the modern world out of diverse forces. Another importance of history is that it enables one to grasp ones relationship with ones past. For example if one wonders why the U.S. flag has 48 stars or why Great Britain follows monarchy, one has to turn to history for an answer. History is of immense value to social scientists engaged in research. Thus the political scientist doing research on the parliamentary form of government, has to draw his materials from the treasure trove of history. It preserves the traditional and cultural values of a nation, and serves as a beacon light, guiding society in confronting various crises. History is indeed, as Allen Nerins puts it, a bridge connecting the past with the present and pointing the road to theShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking and Exploitation973 Words   |  4 Pageseducation, stronger government action and an end to corruption. Human trafficking and exploitation have been a reality from one end of the globe to another for thousands of years. From the beginnings of society, the ancient Greeks and Romans to the medieval times, and up to today, humans have been susceptible to numerous forms of physical and sexual slavery. For almost as long as there have been humans, there have been forms of slavery, but the 1400s signaled the start of European slave trading in AfricaRead MoreThe Decline Of Gothic And Romanesque Art1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthey saw and dreaded the pain and hate brought onto humanity by Medieval times. 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Crime and Social Order in Contemporary - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Answer: Introduction: According to Byrne (2017), Beau Bullock from Canberra faces imprisonment without bail after claims of imprisoning and terrorizing his partner claiming to slay her with a sharp ax. The horrendous act was carried out for five consecutive days before the female hostage sought help from her friend by sending a text message. Bullock is accused of changing the locks on the doors and hinging in screws. The woman's rescue took place on a Tuesday night with help from the police. The following day, Bullock was arraigned in court so as to face charges for the alleged act he had been accused of committing. According to the documents present during the court hearing, the relationship between bullock and the woman had lasted eleven months but they had been close acquaintances for about four years. In accordance with the womans testimony, Bullocks increased aggressiveness and will to control her caused an alarming fear regarding her safety. She even reported an attempt of choking as she peacefully took a rest on her bed. Furthermore, she claims making attempts to acquire the doctor's help during her appointment but unfortunately, bullock accompanied her in the therapy room. The woman told the police that she was afraid of going out without Bullock harming her. Bullock, according to the statements available in court, had gone as far as threatening to kill the woman when she resisted going inside their house after a day out driving. The presiding magistrate Margaret Hunter was immensely alarmed at the rate of violence escalation. Upon Bullocks lawyer denying the said allegations, Bullocks case was set for a later hearing the following month (Vadivel Shaila, 2016). Social structure theory is the unique, established hierarchies of human beings in a societal setting interrelate and live together promoting behavioral growth (Siegel, 2000). The theory of social structure implies that the hierarchy of beings in a community is a major factor influencing crime development. (Lynch, 2002) Those who fall in the top list of the societal hierarchy are bound to fall into the temptation of forcefully inflicting power on their juniors so as to satisfy their personal greed in relation to bullocks case, the leadership role acted by Bullock is in being the head of the family. In his family of two, however, there seems to be a great misunderstanding that must have broke between them that his companion opts on quitting their relationship. It is also evident that Bullock is not ready to let her go and goes to the extreme end of threatening to kill her if ever she refuses to go inside the house. Although the cause of their initial misunderstanding is not clearly stated, the reason can be based on the fact that the woman found out something displeasing about bullock. The displeasing fact may be that Bullock was hiding something considered to be of great importance from the woman. Furthermore, Bullock is depicted to be an easily angered person considering the manner in which he cold-heartedly locks his companion in the house, depriving her of freedom. According to strain theory, some crimes are products of fueled anger due to failure in some aspects of life. The theory of cultural deviance is also evident in relation to the above-stated crime event whereby some individual tends to act fearlessly of the present authorities and showing toughness. Social Conflict Theory Social conflict theory is based on a dictator character whereby individuals correlate using violence instead of settling down agreements (Crowell, 2017). In the above event, Bullock is viewed as a Marxist due to the harsh treatment he imposes on his partner (Korman et al., 2008). He acts mercilessly by scaring his companion with a sharpened axe. The woman possesses inferior qualities to Bullocks threats and attempts. She experiences great difficulty in acquiring the doctors help before opting to text her friend for help. According to the social conflict theory, it is stated that in most cases the offenders who are most likely referred to as the winners possess more powers to intimidate their victims. In the scenario where the womans plans to seek help from the doctor are ruined when Bullock accompanied her to the room only shows the kind of power he had as to accompany her without consent. The above-explained crime event and social theories are among the major life hindrances that most state governments, with the help of the necessary legislature, are working towards abolishing. It is not an easy task dealing with criminals furthermore gaining enough substantial evidence against them. Some prudent criminals of high social class find no shame in bribing their ways out of accused crimes. It is everyones moral obligation to co-operate and help bring justice and truth to the light by reporting any heinous crimes that may be witnessed to the responsible authorities. References Byrne E. 2017. Canberra man charged with choking, confining and threatening to kill partner." ABC. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-26/beau-bullock-charged-with-choking-confining-threat-to-kill/8473552 Crowell L.Erin. 2017. Social Conflict Theory and Crime: Definitions and Approach to Deviance. https://study.com/academy/lesson/social-conflict-theory-and-crime-definitions-and-approach-to-deviance.html Korman, L. M., Collins, J., Dutton, D., Dhayananthan, B., Littman-Sharp, N., Skinner, W. (2008). Problem Gambling and Intimate Partner Violence. Journal Of Gambling Studies, 24(1), 13-23. Lynch, M. (2002). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. PoLAR. Retrieved 26 April 2017, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/pol.2002.25.2.109/pdf Siegel J. Larry.2000.criminology: social structural theory.7th ed.184-219. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=185185 Vadivel, A., Shaila, S. (2016). Event Pattern Analysis and Prediction at Sentence Level using Neuro-Fuzzy Model for Crime Event Detection. Pattern Analysis Applications, 19(3), 679-698.

Nationalism in Music free essay sample

Nationalistic music Is often characterized by pieces having elements of folksongs, folk dances, and folk rhythms. Or subjects for operas and symphonic poems which reflect the national life or history (The Oxford Dictionary of Music 2013). Nationalism in music should inspire people to celebrate the glorious history, cultural characteristics, and cherished values and virtues of their own nations (G. Hubert 2012, p. L). However, Definitions of nationalism depend, of course, on definitions of the nation.It is not likely that consensus will ever be reached on the precise meaning, since different definitions serve different Interests (Tarsuss 2013). Composers such as Jean Sublime, Antonio Dobra, and Vaughan Williams are examples of nationalistic composers (The Oxford Dictionary of Music 2013). As stated above, definitions of nationalism can vary to serve different interests. The sources often use different definitions from other sources. For example, Grove Online states that the most commonly accepted definition (Tarsuss 2013) is from the Harvard Dictionary ofMusic, where the movement Is characterized as a reaction against the supremacy of German music (1 9691. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism in Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While researchers may argue on the precise definition of nationalism, they also discuss the Impacts of the composers and their pieces In their countries. Academic sites such as Grove Online and Oxford have an objective view on composers, their music and nationalism; Grove goes into great detail on many composers. Other sources, such as David G.Hubert and Alexandra Cert. -Wells Patriotism and Nationalism in Music Education claim that nationalism is generally received as a negative phenomenon, and can be reduced to attainment of mere utilitarian goals, neglecting aesthetic values (2012, p. 2). Other sources, like foolhardinesss from listserv. Com, or sites like Talkback (20131 simply state who they think are the top composers who embody nationalism (2010). The sources vary from simple definitions to deep analysis, those who believe it has had a negative impact and those who believe it is a cause for celebration.

Cloudstreet by Tim Winton.

Cloudstreet by Tim Winton. The values and attitudes endorsed by a novel can best be identified through an examination of its conclusion and this is evident in the novel Cloudstreet by Tim Winton. Through close analysis of its conclusion, it can be seen that the main values and attitudes within and towards various concepts such as family, place and reconciliation presented in Cloudstreet, as a whole, are endorsed quite comprehensively in the closure of the text. Using particular techniques of characterisation, theme and narrative structure, these values and attitudes are made evident in the exposition of the text, where the characters have other values, and throughout the development, where the characters go through a life changing process, leading up to the conclusion, of which the characters realise the importance of these concepts.The concept of family is evidently valued in the conclusion of Cloudstreet. The novel endorses the importance of family and how the unity of family members can be rewarding as well as comforting.My sister and her baby.While some of the characters value complex structures of living, such as Oriel's value of hard work, Cloudstreet highlights that these structures of living cannot replace the joys, love and security experienced within family life. This importance of family togetherness can be identified within the conclusion of the novel, where the Pickles and Lambs are having a picnic together 'by the river'. They are happy, dancing and 'dizzy with laughter', embraced with an abundant supply of food of which Winton describes expressively, "Out of the crates come hams, cold chickensa jar of anchovies and a vat of pickled onions."(pg 422). The atmosphere of the family picnic is rather blissful, "But here, here by the river, the beautiful, the beautiful, the river, the Lambs and the Pickleses are lighting up the morning like a dream" (pg 423),

Sustainable Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sustainable Development - Essay Example ating for sustainable development, several conditions need to be fulfilled such as respecting the environment and preventing the overexploitation of natural resources. In addition, an emphasis on sustainable development also means minimizing waste production and controlling energy consumption. In order to realise sustainability, development needs to combine at least three elements that include fairness, protecting the environment and promoting economic efficiency (Russel 2007, p.189). As such, projects targeting sustainable development require a consultative process for those impacted and any policy implemented also require endorsement from consumers in terms of transparency and participation. On another note, sustainable development is crucial for the UK government because there is an urgent need to protect biodiversity. In addition, it is also important for the country to engage in efficient use of resources and reduce wastes in order to realise sustainable growth. For the UK gover nment, the needs and also wellbeing of citizens at present and in the future should be treated with great importance. As such, the government other than rebuilding the economy also needs to give attention to the quality of life. Further, implementing policies geared at sustainable development is important in protecting the needs of not only the present, but also future generations (Russel 2007, p.191). Sustainable environment aims at protecting the biodiversity which is important in improving the quality of life for the present and future generations. In essence, new strategy for sustainable development in UK plays a role in ensuring efficient management of the country’s resources on a long term basis. The UK government is committed towards the realization of sustainable development that involves making important decisions with regard to improving economic growth, dealing with the deficit and maximising wellbeing and the protection of the environment. The government intends to

Looking Within to Produce Without Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Looking Within to Produce Without - Essay Example As for the anger for example, I should practice claiming techniques, try to find positivity in every negative situation and this will assist in dealing with my inner feelings and preventing them from coming to the external and running my performance. Self-awareness of the situations that participate in my emotional state is necessary so that I can be able to better handle myself and be a better leader (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee, 2001). My boss is not one of the nice people and this is especially visible when performance declines even if slightly. He is an autocratic leader that likes things to go his way and controls everything leaving us to be only faithful followers. Most of the times our performance is great but there are a few hitches we encounter at times and it is at these times that he is unbearable. The best thing I have learnt is to read his emotional state once he comes in the morning. This is important in order to know how to relate and interact with him for the day without him affecting my day and performance as well. If he is in a terrible mood, the best thing is to avoid crossing his path by asking him questions unless it is a really urgent matter. Becoming least resisting is another way to deal with him. Whatever he wants done no matter the magnitude or time limit I never argue or complain within earshot. This way, he is less angry and no conflicts arise. Leaders are more productive when they have open communication with their team members. This will require them to focus more on others and externally open as well as focusing more on the results. I would like my boss to for example be more supportive of the team by being empathetic and expressing concern about both personal and work issues. In this way, he can cultivate a culture of sharing, getting to know the potential each of us possess as well as develop trust with the team. I would also like my boss to constantly motivate us and especially after one

Student Handbook University of Luxembourg Essay Example for Free

Student Handbook University of Luxembourg Essay Welcome to the Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance of the University of Luxembourg. Dear Student, I should like to take this opportunity to welcome you to the University of Luxembourg’s Master degree course in Accounting and Audit. You have made an excellent choice! The academic Master programme in Accounting and Audit has been developed for you in partnership with leading academics and practitioners. The academic programme offers scientifically based in-depth knowledge of all specialist areas that are relevant to accounting and auditing practice, without neglecting the practical relevance of teaching content or the preparation of candidates for the job market. Students completing the degree course acquire the expertise to solve practical problems on a scientifically sound basis. Candidates aiming to obtain the professional qualification of reviseur d’entreprises will have completed the theoretical stage of their training on a high academic level when they graduate. This Master’s programme offers great advantages in terms of subsequently starting a professional or academic career, mainly because many relevant companies and important organisations are based in Luxembourg. This handbook is designed as a reference document for Master of Accounting and Audit students. It gives you general information about the programme and procedures and points you to other places for further information and advice. Use the handbook as the initial source of information and guidance. I do hope you will have an enjoyable and rewarding time and wish you the very best for your future studies. Yours faithfully, Dr Anke Mu? ig Associate Professor of Audit Academic Director Contents A. Study rules .. 1 A. 1 A. 2 Area of applicability . 1 Programme overview . 1 A. 2. 1 Aim of the programme . 1 A. 2. 2 Structure of the programme .. 3 A. 2. 3 Modules of the programme 4 A. 2. 4 Path to the reviseur d’entreprises 7 A. 3 Mobility 8 A. 3. 1 General information.. 8 A. 3. 2 Erasmus .. 9 A. 3. 3 Global exchange programme . 10 A. 3. 4 Luxembourg grading system and international correspondences .. 11 A. 4 Charter of rights and duties of students . 11 A. 4. 1 Attendance/punctuality/class behaviour.. 11 A. 4. 2 Student evaluation of courses 12 A. 4. 3 Students’ rights 13 A. 4. 4 Students’ duties .. 14 A. 4. 5 Treatment of fraud .. .. 15 B. Examination rules. 16 B. 1. Preface . 16 B. 2 B. 3 B. 4 B. 5 B. 6 B. 7 B. 8 B. 9 Nature of examinations 16 Admission and examination committee . 20 Admission to examinations 21 Grading of examination performance . 21 Fraud or attempted fraud 24 Absence from an examination .. 25 Re-examination . 26 Replacement examination . 26 B. 10 Master thesis .. 26 I B. 11 Academic degree .. 27 B. 12 Appeals procedure .. . 27 C. Study guide .. 28 C. 1 Communication . 28 C. 1. 1 Communication with members of the Faculty 28 C. 1. 2 Communication with academic staff . 29 C. 1. 3 Moodle: the e-learning platform . 29 C. 2 General information about studying at the University of Luxembourg . 31 C. 2. 1 Academic calendar 2012/2013 .. 31 C. 2. 2 Class representative and Luxembourg University Student Organisation (LUS) . 32 C. 2. 3 Administrative steps regarding the diploma .. 32 C. 2. 4 Other useful information .. 33 C. 3 Rules and advice on seminar papers and other examinations.. 34 C. 3. 1 General information .. 34 A. 3. 2 The oral presentation of your paper . 35 C. 3. 3 Your written paper.. 35 C. 3. 4 Non-plagiarism statement 37 C. 3. 5 Possibilities for conducting research . 37 C. 4 The Master thesis . 40 C. 4. 1 Research .. 40 C. 4. 2 The proposal 40 C. 4. 3 The role of the supervisor 44 C. 4. 4 Student responsibilities. 45 C. 4. 5 Structure of the thesis .. 46 C. 4. 6 Format 51 C. 4. 7 Submission .. 52 C. 4. 8 FAQ 52 E. APPENDIX . 55 E. 1 E. 2 Admission requirements . 55 Referencing with the Harvard method 56 II Master in Accounting and Audit A. Study rules A. 1 Area of applicability. This document defines the aims, content and structure of the Master in Accounting and Audit programme at the University of Luxembourg as well as the code of conduct for participants. The syllabus design and teaching for this programme are based on these study regulations. They provide the basis on which students plan their course of studies. They also complement the Examination Rules for the programme. A. 2 A. 2. 1 Programme overview Aim of the programme With the Master degree course in Accounting and Audit, the University of Luxembourg will assume the leading role in academic education in the field of accounting and audit. The degree course facilitates access for graduates to demanding roles in the corporate sector, in particular auditing, as well as an academic career. Accordingly, the degree course is committed to providing international training of outstanding academic quality, which is relevant to practice and academic research. The Master degree course in Accounting and Audit sets itself apart from the many degree and other training courses offered in the market by academies, technical universities and professional accounting associations, which are primarily geared to providing practice-based training for accountants and auditors. The current intense debate surrounding the training of accountants and auditors, which is being conducted at European and national level in the wake of the financial crisis and the associated failure also of accountants and auditors, categorically highlights the shortfalls of any training that at the theoretical study stage for accountants and auditors focuses exclusively on conveying practical knowledge. The Accounting and Audit degree course responds to this debate and offers scientifically based in-depth knowledge of all specialist areas that are relevant to accounting and auditing practice, without neglecting the practical relevance of teaching content or the preparation of candidates for the job market. The Accounting and Audit Master degree course in Luxembourg offers advantages in terms of subsequently starting an academic or professional career, mainly because many relevant companies and important organisations are based in Luxembourg. The University of Luxembourg has international links and closely cooperates with other universities in respect of this particular degree course (e. g. with the 1 Master in Accounting and Audit member universities of the Association des Formations Europeenes a la Comptabilite et a l’Audit (AFECA), i. e. the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland), Leopold Franzens University in Innsbruck (Austria) and Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg (Germany)). This offers graduates direct opportunities for an international research career. Leading international accounting, auditing and tax firms such as Deloitte, Ernst Young, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers maintain key branches in Luxembourg. As part of the course, students also work with the European Court of Auditors. This is a specific benefit relating to the location and provides students with unique opportunities during their studies and in career terms: on the Accounting and Audit degree course at the University of Luxembourg, scientific and applied training do not therefore conflict, but complement each other. The degree course is aimed at the following students: †¢ The course attaches particular importance to research-based education. The course therefore provides optimum preparation for a subsequent doctorate in accounting and auditing. †¢ The course targets students who wish to specialise in the field of accounting and audit and aim for a career in finance or accounting or the financial management of companies after completing the course. †¢ The Accounting and Audit Master degree course is aimed at students who wish to obtain the professional qualification of reviseur d’entreprises. The course offers optimum preparation for this professional qualification, as the teaching content required by the legislator for the theoretical part of the training is comprehensively implemented. In addition, courses of the formation complementaire des reviseurs d’entreprises are integrated in the Master degree course. As a result, the course provides the most efficient access for achieving the professional qualification of reviseur d’entreprises. At the same time, attendance of the courses relating to the formation complementaire des reviseurs d’entreprises promotes networking by students with auditing professionals. †¢ The programme is also aimed at students who wish to become auditors in another EU member state. It provides optimum preparation for the professional aptitude test (often also referred to as â€Å"audit exam†) in the relevant EU member state. All specialist subjects are taught which are tested in the professional aptitude test under EU Directive 2006/43/EC. 2. Master in Accounting and Audit A. 2. 2 Structure of the programme The Accounting and Audit Master degree course is geared to comprehensively implement all legal provisions in terms of the content, scope of training and minimum ECTS units. As part of the studies, courses must be taken in the core specialist subjects of accounting and audit and in the supplementary specialist subjects. The core and supplementary subjects comprise a total of 109 topics. For a detailed module and course description, see the Module and Course Catalogue. In addition to the obligatory modules, students have the choice between three different elective tracks. Each track consists of 11 ECTS units and one must be chosen in the first semester of the programme: †¢ TRACK 1: additional specialist subject of Luxembourg legislation: This elective track is the module â€Å"ASS Additional Specialist Subject of Luxembourg Legislation†, which in turn consists of six courses. These courses are offered as part of the formation complementaire des reviseurs d’entreprises. 3 Master in Accounting and Audit †¢. TRACK 2: contextual studies: The purpose of this specific concept is to impart an innovative competence profile, which is to qualify students for demanding management and subsequent leadership positions in companies or the academic sector. TRACK 2 consists of three modules: Management Skills, Reflection Skills and Intercultural Skills. Each module consists of one or more courses. Different courses will be offered every semester. TRACK 2 is organised in close cooperation with the Chambre de Commerce du Luxembourg to guarantee a strong practical orientation and high standard of the courses. In addition to the official diploma from the University, students who successfully complete one or several courses will receive a certificate from the Chambre de Commerce and the University of Luxembourg with a detailed list of the courses attended. †¢ TRACK 3: Internship: Students will be given the opportunity to gain practical experience during an internship in an audit or accounting firm. The internship must last at least 8 weeks. The students must critically evaluate the knowledge they have gained in a presentation and examination session with the director of studies at the end of the internship. A. 2. 3 Modules of the programme. The standard period of study on the Master’s programme in Accounting and Audit comprises four semesters and 120 European Credit Transfer System points (ECTS). The programme leading to the award of the Master’s degree is organised in modules composed of a certain number of ECTS credits. Each course has at least one ECTS credit. A credit corresponds to the â€Å"provision of studies† requiring between 25 and 30 hours of work. Each module has a maximum of 30 credits and is composed of one or more constituent units, referred to as courses. A semester typically equates to a workload of 30 ECTS units, totalling 60 ECTS units per year. The curriculum is pre-defined, and the courses you will follow result from the schedule. There is one fundamental rule concerning the acquisition of ECTS points: in order to receive the ECTS points students must successfully pass the specific module, i. e. ECTS units are only given per (successful) module. Students can compensate for courses that they have failed within one module (if they have achieved sufficient points in other parts of that module), so it is important to be aware of what constitutes a module. 4 Master in Accounting and Audit Modules and courses of the programme: Module: Introduction to Accounting AFECA Intensive Programme Introduction to Financial Accounting and Bookkeeping Introduction to International Financial Reporting Selected Topics in Accounting Module: Introduction to Audit Risk Management Internal Control Module: Introduction to Law Introduction to Company Law Corporate Governance Civil Law and Commercial Law Module: Statistics Statistics Module: Intermediate Accounting Contemporary Issues in Financial Reporting and Audit Research Group Accounting Accounting for Financial Institutions and the Fund Industry Managerial Accounting Module: Intermediate Audit Auditing and Professional Skills International Standards on Auditing Module: Advanced Company Law Advanced Company Law Module: Corporate Finance Corporate Finance Module: Applied Econometrics Applied Econometrics Module: Advanced Accounting Empirical Research in Accounting and Audit Financial Analysis IFRS Based Managerial Accounting Module: Audit Simulation Audit Simulation 3 3 6 3 3 6 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 4 ECTS 6 2 3 3 Mandatory modules 5 Master in Accounting and Audit Module: Conversion and Insolvency Law Conversion and Insolvency Law Module: Research Computing Research Computing Module: IT and Computer Systems Financial Application Software Accounting Information Systems Module: General Business Studies and Business Ethics General Business Studies and Business Ethics Module: General Economics General Economics Module: Additional Specialist Subject of Luxembourg Legislation Droit du travail et de la securite sociale Droit des assurances Comptabilite bancaire  Legislation bancaire et des autres professionnels du secteur financier Droit fiscal (OAGW) / organismes de placement collectif Droit fiscal Module: Management Skills Leadership and Negotiation Module: Reflection Skills Presentation and Rhetoric Skills Research Skills and Academic Writing Module: Intercultural Skills International Project Management and Intercultural Management Module: Internship Internship Module: Master Thesis Master Thesis 18 11 4 Selective Option 3 2 2 3 Selective Option 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 Selective Option 1 4 4 2 4 2 3 6 Master in Accounting and Audit A. 2. 4 Path to the reviseur d’entreprises Students completing the Master degree course acquire the expertise to solve practical problems on a scientifically sound basis. Candidates aiming to obtain the professional qualification of reviseur d’entreprises will comprehensively have completed the theoretical stage of their training on a high academic level when they graduate and can immediately start the practical stage of their training. For accessing the profession of reviseur d’entreprises, the candidate must complete four training stages. The professional qualification of reviseur d’entreprises is granted to persons who 1. submit one or more Master certificates, whereby the holder of the certificate must successfully have completed certain specialist subjects and/or modules with a specific volume of ECTS units (â€Å"credits†, â€Å"credit points†). As part of the Master studies, he/she must successfully have completed courses in the core specialist subjects of accounting and audit and the supplementary specialist subjects (e. g. law, IT and computer systems, business studies and economics, corporate finance and mathematics and statistics) and achieved a specific minimum of ECTS units. 2. 3. 4. have successfully completed additional training, which concerns legislation  applicable in Luxembourg. have completed practical training on the job and have passed the professional aptitude test. The Accounting and Audit Master degree course implements the first and second training stages of the option for accessing the profession of reviseur d’entreprises. Compared with the other options for accessing the profession and courses offered by other universities, the Accounting and Audit course qualifies specifically for the career of reviseur d’entreprises in Luxembourg. During their studies, students acquire knowledge and skills in the core specialist areas of accounting and auditing as well as the supplementary specialist areas. At the same time, they expand their knowledge with additional information about the legal and administrative provisions which apply specifically in Luxembourg, given that courses of the formation complementaire des reviseurs d’entreprises are integrated in the Master degree course. This means that the legal requirements regarding the content and scope of the theoretical training of reviseurs d’entreprises in the core, supplementary and additional specialist subjects are implemented in full as part of the course. 7 Master in Accounting and Audit Once they have graduated with a Master in Accounting and Audit, students can immediately go on to complete the practical stage of their training and then take the aptitude test for reviseurs d’entreprises. Graduates are exempt from the additional aptitude test on the legal and administrative provisions which apply specifically to Luxembourg during their practical training on the job (â€Å"stage†) if the qualifying certificate is obtained during the Master degree course. Students have the option to complete the first, theoretical training stage and the second, additional training on Luxembourg legislation simultaneously. The Accounting and Audit Master degree course therefore represents an efficient option for entering the profession and is particularly suitable for students wishing to obtain the professional qualification of reviseur d’entreprises in Luxembourg.

Chinese Dynasties Essay -- essays research papers

Chinese Dynasties: 1. Shang: Also called Yin, dynasty that was China's earliest historically verifiable state 1766 B.C. to 1122 B.C. A. Reason's for Rise: Unlike the early accounts of history by the Chinese, there is archaeological evidence of the Shang, who built their cities in northern China around the eastern parts of the Yellow River. For this reason they are called the Yellow River civilization. They were a bronze age people; bronze-working seems to have entered China around 2000 BC (about one thousand years after its invention in Mesopotamia). B. Territorial Location & size at height of power (map): The Shang ruled the area from the North China Plain northward into present-day Shantung Province and westward to the tip of Honan Province. C. System of government & rule & names of noted rulers and their accomplishments: A city-state confederation with a three-fold structure of king, officials, commoners. D. Major Religious beliefs & practices: The Shang worshiped the earth and other nature deities to whom they offered human sacrifices. They communicated with the supernatural by writing messages on oracle bones. E. *Major Accomplishments, Achievements, and contributions: The Shang society was many agricultural. They had a large army. Bronze casting was highly developed and a writing system had evolved. There commerce was highly developed and they used cowrie shells was used as currency. Shang art consisted of Bronze, pottery, and jade ornaments. Writing: The singular aspect of Shang civilization is their invention of writing. Almost all the written records of the Shang have disappeared, for the court records were kept on strips of bamboo. However, inscriptions on bronze and on the oracle bones still survive so we have specimens of the very first Chinese writings. The writing system was originally pictographic, that is, words were represented by pictures that fairly closely resembled the meaning of the word. The picture for "sun," f or instance, looked much like the sun. This pictographic writing eventually developed into the more complex ideographic writing that we are more familiar with. Chinese writing is one of the only contemporary writing systems that still prominently bears traces of its pictographic origins. Religion: The Shang worshipped a figure they called "Shang Ti," or "Lord on High." This supreme ... ...locally developed. This was especially true in China, with its ancient and vast bureaucracy. While Genghis Khan was still living, he divided the empire between his four favorite sons. Tului, the youngest, received the original Mongol homelands and parts of northern China. Ogadai received western Mongolia and part of northwestern China. Chagatai was given most of Turkestan in Central Asia. The oldest son, Juchi, received southwestern Siberia, western Turkestan, and Russian lands stretching north of the Black Sea. A fifth section of the empire was later added when Hulagu, a son of Tului, conquered Iran, Iraq, and Syria in the 1250s. D. Major Religious beliefs & practices: E. *Major Accomplishments, Achievements, and contributions: The largest empire ever seen F. Major reasons for decline and fall: Genghis Khan and his eldest son, Juchi, both died in 1227. At a convocation of Mongol leaders, Ogadai was appointed supreme khan. Juchi's lands in the west were inherited by his son B atu. Ogadai made his capital at Karakorum in central Mongolia. He immediately set out to add more of China to the Mongol conquests. By 1234 all but the southernmost region of China had been incorporated.

Comparing and Contrasting Political Ideologies: Robert Kaplan vs. Noam Chomsky Essay

1. Chomsky Thesis Outline: The main points within Noam Chomsky’s thesis revolve around his idealistic values and his concept of †Elemental Morality†. When describing his concept of †Elemental Morality† Chomsky explains that if people cannot rise to the level that has them apply the same standards to themselves that they apply to others, they have no right to talk about what’s right and wrong. A common example of this hypocrisy has been executed by the United States-whom Chomsky claims to be a † leading terrorist state†- in an attempt to justify their country’s terrorist acts. In other words, when they do it it’s terrorism, but when we do it its counterterrorism. When looking at the U.S. invasion of Iraq, the war aims were claimed to be to overthrow the country’s brutal dictator Saddam Hussein, in which they succeeded. The U.S. has a history of using the fight for democracy as a justification for overthrowing regimes. However, Chomsky argues that the best way to overthrow power centers and brutal regimes is to do so from within with support of internal democratic organizations. Ironically the very regimes that are being fought against have commonly been found to have support from the U.S.: South Eastern Turkey (the Kurds), Nicaragua in the 1980s, Israel, and Afghanistan during the 1980s to name a few. In Chomsky’s eyes all of these atrocities are all equally immoral simply because they are all atrocities. Chomsky explains that if we want to stop comparing atrocities, the easiest way is to stop participating in them and try to find other ways to deal with  them. As a result, as long as people are able to think for themselves and free themselves from ‘the right wing imperialists’, then they can pose the same elementary morality, levels of violence and turmoil will globally decrease. Kaplan Thesis Outline: Robert Kaplan has been known for his right-wing views on foreign policy, his concept of †Pagan Ethos†, and his Hobbsian outlook on human nature and society. Kaplan believes that Judeo-Christian values have no place in politics (Pagan Ethos) and defies Chomsky’s concept of â€Å"Elemental Morality† by claiming that we need to accept the necessary evil for the greater good. However this is not to say that there is no line to be crossed morally when accepting such evil, for if more evil is used than ‘necessary’, those committing it will lose their credibility and virtuousness. In Kaplan’s opinion, humanity is not enough of a reason for the U.S. to intervene in a country’s conflict. He feels that in order for the Americans to justifiably enter a crisis they need to have interest in it as well. In a nation’s time of crisis where time is of the essence, Kaplan infers that it’s all about the short-term decisions the country makes. In terms of domestic policy versus foreign policy Kaplan believes that internationally the world is a lawless place (Hobbsian), and that we should enforce ‘Soft American Imperialism’. This concept suggests that foreign policy should be run by self-interest, which leads into Kaplan’s aspiration of the United States becoming the world’s ‘Organizing Hegemon’. Kaplan concurs that the United States is the only country whose power and force capable of properly executing a small amount of evil for the greater good. 2. Similarity: In terms of the application of morals in foreign policy, Kaplan has given some leeway towards Chomsky’s concept of ‘Elemental Morality.’ Kaplan acknowledges that there are certain situations where we should act on morality, and that it would be unacceptable to maintain total realistic values. Genocide might be an example; he cites Darfur, and Bosnia where the  U.S. should have intervened on humanitarian grounds alone. Kaplan recognizes â€Å"without an idealistic component to our foreign policy, there would be nothing to distinguish us from our competitors,† and â€Å"Pure realism—without a hint of idealism—would immobilize our mass immigrant democracy, which has always seen itself as an agent of change.† This is concurrent with Chomsky’s assertion in which he states that he is â€Å"guided by moral principles† and elaborates that â€Å"the main reason for my concern with U.S. foreign policy are that I find it, in gener al, horrifying,† and â€Å"the foreign policy of other states is also in general horrifying† Differences: 1)Where Chomsky feels that all atrocities are equal simply because they are atrocities, Kaplan claims that ‘adult choice in foreign policy is based on distinction’ and that some atrocities were necessary in order to contribute to the greater good. As an example to prove his point Kaplan uses Winston Churchill, whom during WWII had to make the decision to either warn Coventry of oncoming German bombers and risk the Germans discovering the British had cracked the Enigma Code, or allow Coventry to be bombed and have the upper hand against the Germans when intercepting their messages. In the end Churchill chose the latter, knowing full well that although his decision cost thousands of lives, the information the British obtained would potentially save hundreds of thousands-if not millions (the ends justify the means). 2)In terms of how Kaplan and Chomsky believe international feuds should be dealt with, Kaplan argues that humanity alone is not enough of a reason for the United States to intervene in a crisis; they need to have interest in the country itself to make their efforts worthwhile. However, Chomsky feels that if we want to stop atrocities we need to stop participating in them and try finding a more alternative and peaceful approaches to a solution. As long as people are able to think for themselves and free themselves from the mindset of ‘the right wing imperialists’ they can impose ‘Elemental Morality’ and therefore progress to peaceful solutions in a more productive manner than simply invading a country. 3. Opinion on Chomsky: I agree with Chomsky’s theory that the United States is a leading terrorist state, and that the government is hypocritical in the context of defining which nations are committing acts of terrorism as opposed to their own state’s actions. Post 9/11 the Bush Administration was quoted saying, â€Å"As we stated previously there is no middle ground between those who oppose terrorism and those who support it.† Yet, the U.S. has had alliances with Israel, Turkey (the Kurds), Russia, China, Indonesia, Egypt, and Algeria â€Å"all of whom are delighted to see an international system develop sponsored by the U.S. which will authorize them to carry out their own terrorist atrocities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The U.S. was also â€Å"†¦the only country that was condemned for international terrorism by the World Court and that rejected a Security Council resolution calling on states to observe international law.† So why is it that the U.S. has failed to acknowledge themselves as a terrorist state? Perhaps they are too ignorant, or they simply do recognize it but choose to glaze over the facts in order to try preserving their image as a nation ‘fighting against terrorism’. As for Chomsky’s concept of â€Å"Elementary Morality†, I do consider the idea of people having no double standards when criticizing others for their actions to be a decent ideal to strive for. However, realistically the idea of getting the entire world to one day obtain this mindset is very far fetched. I feel that I side more with Kaplan when I say that the world will always have evil people in it, and they will find a way to inflict inhumane actions upon others. Opinion on Kaplan: From a practical perspective, Kaplan’s theories on foreign policy have more relevancies. Take the example of Syria for instance, and compare Chomsky’s standpoint on statehood and overthrowing regimes in relation to Kaplan’s more measured approach on intervening in other countries. Both Chomsky and Kaplan might agree that the atrocities undertaken by the Assad regime in Syria are just that: immoral and atrocious. However, where Chomsky professes a role of non-intervention for the sake of avoiding hypocrisy, and  would see a benefit rather than a tragedy in the dissolution of statehood, Kaplan would have us ask: â€Å"What is the cost of waiting for internal resolution?† and, indeed, â€Å"When are the costs—both economic and human—too high?† To date, in Syria, the U.S. has chosen a ‘non-imperialist’ standpoint more in line with Chomsky’s model of foreign policy for Syria, and what has been the result: â€Å"more t han 120,000 deaths; approximately two million refugees; four million internally displaced; a proxy war between Sunni-dominated countries and Shiah-dominated countries in the region; the largest use of chemical weapons against civilian populations in 25 years.† Mounting humanitarian and economic consequences, in my view, are grounds for considering action rather than inaction in foreign affairs. As Errol Mendes, Professor of International Law at University of Ottawa and visiting fellow at Harvard Law School writes: â€Å"What the failure to act early and especially in the face of the worst forms of violation of international criminal law by the Assad regime has shown is that sometimes the failure to act in such a situation is in fact acting by omission with devastating consequences for the country, the region and the entire global community.† 4. Benefit of Comparing: Having an open mind to both Chomsky and Kaplan’s views is simply a good way to extend our knowledge on different theories regarding foreign policy. Moreover, the benefit of comparing Chomsky and Kaplan’s ideologies is that it allows us to recognize there are different, and simultaneously compelling ways to respond to global conflict. Knowing the similarities and differences of both extreme idealism and realism, and weighing options in a time of national or potentially international crisis, can help lead to policy that is based on an informed choice. The importance of well-informed and carefully considered policy in international relations is the consequences. As Chomsky, himself stresses: â€Å"The impact of U.S. foreign policy on millions of people throughout the world is enormous, and furthermore these policies substantially increase the probability of superpower conflict and global catastrophe.† Bibliography Chomsky, Noam. 9-11. New York: Seven Stories, 2001. 40-55. Print. Kaplan, Robert D. â€Å"Interventionism’s Realistic Future.† Washington Post (2006): 1-2. Print Mendes, Errol. â€Å"The Cost of Non-intervention in Syria.† The Cost of Non-intervention in Syria. Ottawa Citizen, 26 Aug. 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. â€Å"†The Reasons for My Concern†Ã¢â‚¬  Interview by Celia Jakubowicz. Noam Chomsky and U.S. Foreign Policy. Third World Traveller, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. .

A Reflection Of Mankind In Hamlet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1061 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Hamlet Analysis William Shakespeares Hamlet provides a deep analysis into the lives of the plays characters and how their actions reflect mankind. The play is centered around a young prince, Hamlet, who learns of a tragic event that will impact his life immensely. Hamlets father has died and his uncle, Claudius, has married Hamlets mother and now occupies the throne as king of Denmark. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Reflection Of Mankind In Hamlet" essay for you Create order Upon Hamlets arrival to Denmark to mourn the death of his father, he encounters what appears to be the ghost of his deceased father. The Ghost informs Hamlet that the late king was murdered by Claudius and urges Hamlet to seek revenge. Provided with this rather heavy news concerning his fathers death, Hamlet decides to set out on a journey to discover the truth for himself. It is not uncommon for an individual to take risks to reach success. Many times, in order to achieve a certain goal, a sacrifice must be made. In Hamlet, the characters often delve into acts of deception and betrayal for the sake of obtaining something, implementing revenge, or masking the truth. These two themes remain constant throughout the progression of the play as each character participates in dishonesty and disloyalty to one another in attempt to satisfy their own selfish gains. The actions and relationships between the characters explores the dual nature of humankind and how reality often falls short of expectations. However truthful or trustworthy a character may appear to the audience, Shakespeare adds in a twist that alters the entire play. The satisfaction of ones desires and the advancement of ones power in society serve a huge role in the play. As such, the characters will often go to great lengths to achieve this. Throughout the play, Hamlet frequently falls victim to the betrayal of those from his own family. Knowing that Hamlet was still in despair over his fathers passing, Gertrude, Hamlets mother and queen of Denmark, was quick to jump into a bed of incest with Claudius (1.2.156-157). This course of action perhaps acts as a catalyst to Hamlets madness and possibly serves as an underlying motive for avenging his fathers death. In addition, Claudius, current king of Denmark and Hamlets uncle, claims to love Hamlet as a son, though it is clear that his intentions lie elsewhere. By killing King Hamlet, Claudius has claimed the throne, satisfied his ambition, and married the queen. Though he is fully aware that his soul is stuck to sin, and the more it struggles to break free, the more it sticks, he is not ready to g ive up his power (3.3.69-70). It goes without saying that Claudius is indeed not remorseful, since after sensing a shift in Hamlets disposition, Claudius takes immediate action to ensure that the truth remains hidden. Not only do Gertrude and Claudius fall into a selfish state, but they hurt Hamlet in the act of doing so. The ghost of King Hamlet is an important influencer in determining the fate of the characters. It is the supplier of information regarding what is said to be the truth and ultimately, the creator of conflict within the play. Upon Hamlets interaction with the Ghost, the young prince begins to question himself and his sanity. The Ghost wants Hamlet to revenge his foul and unnatural murder, yet Hamlet is presented with a moral dilemma (1.5.31). Though ending Claudius life may bring Hamlet peace, it does not guarantee an end to all his troubles. During the play, Hamlet sees an opportunity to kill Claudius for his wrong acts, yet notices that Claudius is kneeling in prayer. This leads Hamlet to decide that killing someone while they are praying will only send to heaven, but Hamlet wants Claudius to suffer in hell (3.3.75-85). It is ironic to note, however, that what Claudius prayer entailed was not what one would expect. Instead, Claudius admits that he is not ready to surrender what he g ained from the murder. Therefore, Hamlet could have easily acted had he not mistrusted his own intuition. It appears Hamlets hesitation to act is a betrayal not only to himself, but to his father. He is at a constant war with his own thoughts and feelings. The doubt of his own rationality sends Hamlet further into his madness, which only contributes further to his downfall. The truth of a situation will always find its way out one way or another. In the play, Hamlet struggles a great deal with indecisiveness and the inability to act. As a result, he turns to religion to seek guidance while attempting to muster up the strength to kill his uncle. This internal conflict is ongoing and remains a constant obsession for him throughout the play. Claudius, on the other hand, acts on his intuition without any forethought. It can be noted that Claudius is a foil to Hamlet as these two characters differ greatly in their moral values and actions. Claudius speculations about what Hamlet may or may not know sends him into a state of unease, thus he decides to send Hamlet away to England. Not only does Claudius deceive the people of Denmark by killing their king, but he tries to justify Hamlets leave by saying it is for the princes own good. Out of fear of being discovered as a murderer, Claudius also delivers a letter to England ordering the death of Hamlet so as to preserve his position as king (4.3.60-64). At the end of the play, however, death takes the lives of many of the main characters. The truth is poisonous and once it is revealed, it is like a mouse caught in [his] own trap (5.2.302). Hamlet is an eloquently composed tragedy that reveals how deceit and betrayal can lead to ones demise. Often times, the characters sacrifice their relationships with one another to fulfill their own desires. Claudius and Gertrude put an emotional strain on Hamlets mind in order to achieve personal satisfaction. Additionally, Hamlet must shoulder the burden of his fathers death and decide how to implement action against it. The play reveals not only an ongoing struggle with ones family and friends, but a war with oneself. Though many people want to know the truth of a situation, it can sometimes lead to unbearable conflict. Through the interactions and responses between the characters, Shakespeare illustrates the best and the worst that can arise from human nature.