tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28007738956916618892024-03-08T12:31:46.391-08:00Write an analysis essayPerfect Topic For A Process Essaylisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-5645607616360241612020-08-27T05:19:00.001-07:002020-08-27T05:19:07.613-07:00Manufacturing Resource Planning ModelsAssembling Resource Planning Models Assembling Resource Planning Models under Uncertainty and Commonality for Multi-items Multi-period Multistage Production Environment Section 3: Literature Review In this section, the accompanying territories of exploration are examined to establish the framework for the proposed scientific models: fabricating assets arranging foundation, advantages and confinements; producing assets arranging models under various vulnerabilities; and shared trait in assembling assets arranging models. 3.1 Evolution of assembling condition The field of creation arranging and control has experienced huge change over the most recent 50 years. Before the 1960s, stock was constrained by a manual framework, using different procedures: stock renewal, reorder focuses, EOQ (monetary request amount) (McGarrie, 1998), and ABC arrangements, to give some examples (Ptak, 1991). Gilbert and Schonberger (1983) give a past filled with creation control, while Lee (1993) remarks that by the mid-1970s, enough experience of material prerequisites arranging (MRP) had been picked up and the significance of the ace creation plan (MPS) was figured it out. During the 1950s, MRP were the for one thing the-rack business applications to help the creation and support of material ace information and bill-of-materials (request based 14 arranging) over all items and parts in at least one plants. These early bundles had the option to process mass information yet just with constrained handling profundity (Klaus et al., 2000). From the 1940s to the mid 1960s, material control comprised of essential ââ¬Ëorder point formulae used to keep up a level normal stock equalization. In 1965, Joseph Orlicky of the J. I. Case Company conceived another way to deal with material administration, called material necessity arranging (MRP) to fill in as a stage to respond to four inquiries, known as the ââ¬ËUniversal Manufacturing Equation (Towers et al., 2005): What are we going to make, What does it take to make, What do we have and What do we need to get. The separate answer of the initial three inquiries lie in the outline of creation plan: the ace creation plan (MPS), the bill of material (BOM) and the physical stock records themselves. While MRP was positively a huge improvement over straightforward manual technique, the possibility to extend its limit considerably additionally was before long perceived. A companys creation is obliged by its stock need as well as by gear and staff limit, feature of the plant not considered in the Universal Manufacturing Equation. MRP at its center is a period staged request discharge framework that timetables and discharges producing work requests and buy orders, with the goal that sub-congregations and segments show up at the gathering station similarly as they are required. As serious weights expanded and clients turned out to be increasingly modern, MRP advanced and extended to incorporate more business capacities, for example, item costing and advertising. In 1975 the cutting edge framework, Closed-Loop MRP, incorporated limit factors into the MRP structure and utilized criticism on creation status to keep up the legitimacy of arranging choices as prerequisites changed. One pivotal connection in the assembling choice chain was all the while missing-the money related perspective. With appearance of PC framework in the mid 1980s the advancement of viable shop-floor booking devices had around then been overwhelmed by the top down methodology of assembling asset arranging known as MRP II for controlling creation tasks (Towers et al., 2005). The presentation of MRP II five years after the fact served to overcome any issues. The operational Closed-Loop MRP plan, introduced in material units, for example, pieces and pounds, was converted into monetary dollar terms, empowering the whole association to work off a solitary arrangement of information. Recreation capacity was additionally evolved to respond to ââ¬Ëwhat if arranging inquiries with activity situated answers. A significant motivation behind MRP II is to coordinate essential capacities (for example creation, promoting and money) and different capacities, for example, work force, designing and buying into the arranging procedure to improve the effectiveness of the assembling undertaking (Chen, 2001, Chung and Snyder, 2000, Mabert et al., 2001). MRP II has certain augmentations like harsh cut scope organization and limit necessities getting ready for creation booking on the shop floor just as input from assembling shops on the advancement of manufacture. Since the 1980s, the quantity of MRP II establishments has kept on expanding, as MRP II applications opened up on smaller than expected and miniaturized scale PCs (Siriginidi, 2000). Like MRP, MRP II concentrated on the assembling procedure. At that point MRP II was reached out towards the more specialized zones that spread the item advancement and creation forms. PC Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) provided the whole calculated structure for the coordination of all business managerial and specialized elements of an organization, for example, account, deals and dispersion, and HR (Klaus et al., 2000). The following phase of MRP II development was in the nick of time (JIT) approach that joined with the diving cost of figuring to make the islands of mechanization in late 1980s. In the course of the most recent 60 years, numerous PPC frameworks and ways of thinking have been created. These incorporate material prerequisites arranging (MRP), fabricating asset arranging (MRP II), undertaking asset arranging (ERP), without a moment to spare (JIT), upgraded creation innovation (OPT), propelled creation planning (APS), gracefully chain the executives (SCM) and client relationship the board (CRM), either utilized exclusively or together (Koh, 2004). 3.1.1 Material prerequisite arranging (MRP) Kulonda (2000) descried the development of MRP, partitioning it in three unique universes. In the main world, MPS things regularly are done end things made to stock; MPS is expressed regarding estimate thing request changed over to a progression of creation parts by means of time-staged request focuses or different principles. In the subsequent world, the MPS could possibly be expressed as end things constructed totally to arrange. On the off chance that reaction time were not an issue, this methodology would work very well. Serious power, be that as it may, regularly require shorter reaction times and definitely some stocking of in any event the longest lead time things happen. A moderately enormous number of various segments are collected to finish a final result that may have numerous particular variations. The third universe of MRP has all the multifaceted nature of the second world with the extra confusion that generally various end things are worked from moderately barely any c rude materials. This can be pictured to some degree level include graphs appeared in 3.1. Inside the MRP framework various standards should be indicated. They include: adequate parcel sizes, wellbeing stocks and reject stipends. There are three standards of MRP. They are: subject to interest for the last item; mesh of stock with anticipated that conveyances and open requests should give a parity close by; and time staging by utilizing data on lead times and needs. Three essential MRP contributions to the framework are: ace creation plan (MPS); the organized BOM for the MPS; and data on inventories, open requests and lead times. The point of MRP frameworks is to limit cost of inventories and keep up client support levels. MRP benefits incorporate the capacity to quickly rethink and re-plan for reaction to changes in a unique domain. It is adaptable and receptive to the client needs (Hines, 2004). The triumphs and dissatisfactions of MRP just as the key inadequacies of MRP (material necessity arranging) are concentrated by Plenert (1999). He researches results of the insufficiencies implies in the event that they are not revised. The troubles experienced by firms in the execution procedure of MRP might be followed back to various variables. The multifaceted nature of MRP frameworks, which, obviously, is a relative idea changing as indicated by the degree of information and experience accessible inside the firm preceding execution (Wortmann, 1998, Wilson et al., 1994, Luscombe, 1994). There are typically a few boundaries to be started while executing standard programming. A lot of escalated preparing is required. Truth be told, despite the fact that end-clients are normally prepared on a restricted measure of usefulness, key clients need to get significant specialized skill. The associations essentially under-gauge the degree to which they need to change so as to oblige their buy. The compelling administration of innovative change requires transformational initiative (Brown, 1994). One of the issues to a great extent felt as basic concerns the opposition of chiefs and staff to the authoritative change that is initiated by the reception of new advances. To this respect, a few creators have underlined the significance of a sound association of shop-floor laborers (Sommer, 1998, Weill et al., 1991). Important pertinence has likewise been put in the alluding writing to mechanical issues, for example, the inadmissibility of MRP frameworks to advance the interior work process. Truth be told, visit changes in plans, an issue alluded to as creation anxiety, is a snag to fruitful usage of MRP frameworks (Duchessi et al., 1998). Material Requirements Planning (MRP) has fallen into disgrace in 1980s, as exhibited by the broad writing and gathering material coming out of associations like the American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS) which examine its inadequacies (Berger, 1987). MRP has gotten solid difficulties of its viability from Japan. It is accepted that the main thing which is as yet keeping such huge numbers of producers with MRP is the trouble in changing over to other (Plenert, 1999). Taking a gander at MRPs fundamental way of thinking, we ought to have the option to concentrate our booking just on what materials are required, and when they are required (Plenert, 1990b, Ritzman et al., 1984, Chase and Aquilano, lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-23970281030940131732020-08-22T10:47:00.001-07:002020-08-22T10:47:28.329-07:00Dissertation in Science Education Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-35680653843532782682020-08-21T08:29:00.001-07:002020-08-21T08:29:17.433-07:00Blog Archive In Other News TED Talks, Schwarzman Scholars, and the Best International Business Schools Blog Archive In Other News⦠TED Talks, Schwarzman Scholars, and the Best International Business Schools The business school world is constantly buzzing with change and innovation. Each week, in addition to our regular news posts, we briefly touch on a few notable stories from this dynamic field in one roundup. Here is what caught our eye this week: Thanks to the Internet, lessons typically taught inside the walls of business schools are now at everyoneâs fingertips. TED Talks are an easy way to gain new perspectives and learn from top experts around the world. Inc. has gathered ten of the most fascinating talksâ"ranging from âThe Power of Vulnerability,â in which Brené Brown, a research professor at the University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work, explains how to turn vulnerability into an asset, and âHow Great Leaders Serve Others,â author David Marquetâs tale of what his experiences as a naval ship captain taught him about leadership. The University of Oxfordâs Saïd Business School is hoping to attract some of the worldâs brightest minds with a new double degree. Those who will enroll in the one-year Master of Global Affairs program at the new Schwarzman Scholars-Tsinghua University in 2016 can apply to Saïd for a second masterâs degree and continue their education in the U.K. âThrough this partnership, students with a particular interest in business can have a really unparalleled exposure to top professors in the field from around the world,â Steve Schwarzman, CEO and founder of investment firm The Blackstone Group, told Financial Times. Schwarzmanâs $100M donation in July 2013 established the Schwarzman Scholars-Tsinghua University Master of Global Affairs program. Prospective MBAs commonly review business school rankings when evaluating U.S. schools, but amazing programs also can be found across the world. In addition to U.S.-based school rankings, Forbes offers an international perspective in its 2015 Best Business Schools list. Based on the return on investment for students, London Business School ranked number one among two-year international MBA programs, while Spain-based IESE Business School came in second and HEC Paris claimed the number three spot. Although European schools dominated the top three, schools in such countries as China (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China Europe International Business School), Mexico (IPADE Business School), and Canada (Schulich School of Business at York University) ranked highly as well. Share ThisTweet News lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-80546680292267445752020-05-25T08:42:00.001-07:002020-05-25T08:42:05.311-07:00Utilitarianism And The Political And Economic Aspects Of... Utilitarianism in the political and economic aspects of development has been widely recognized and human social practice plays a huge impact. But the utilitarian always at the place of criticism, misunderstanding. People tend to equate utilitarianism simply with individualism. In fact, the means of utilitarianism not only consider a behaviour and motivation, and to emphasize life purpose should emerge to the scope of his own happiness, to care about other people s happiness and the improvement of the human condition, from self-interest to self-sacrifice, is a kind of noble moral sentiment pursue ââ¬Å"maximizing utilityâ⬠. This essay will talk about what utilitarianism is and how to solve the problem when we as a utilitarian. What utilitarianism is? What is a standard of human behaviorsââ¬â¢ true or false, and what is the moral basis? Utilitarianism gives the answer. Utilitarianism is the claim that the right action is that action which maximizes utility. Utilitarianism think that people should be made a behavior of ââ¬Å"maximizing utilityâ⬠, the so-called good calculation must rely on the behavior of each individual involved going to feel the sum of each individual is treated as the same quantity, and happiness and pain can be reduced, the pain is only the pleasure of negative. It is different from general ethics, utilitarian don t consider a personal behavior motive and means, only consider a behavior of results on the influence of the maximum joy. Can increase the maximum happinessShow MoreRelatedContemporary Mainstream Approaches : Neo Realism And Neo Liberalism1527 Words à |à 7 PagesChapter 8: Contemporary mainstream approaches (neo-realism and neo-liberalism) In the previous chapters, weââ¬â¢ve taken a broad glance of Realism and Liberalism; in this chapter we take a look at the modern version of these political theories and their respective differences. 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Leaders are also one of the most ridiculed and chastised figures of the general public for their stereotypical greed and extraordinary selfishness, but personally, a greedy selfish person is not a leader. The world isRead More Business Ethics Essay1522 Words à |à 7 Pagesfor anthropology or sociology. In contrast, ethics deals with the justification of moral principles. A Brief History of the Study of Ethics Ethics has been studied since ancient times. In the oldest of the Indian writings, ethics is an integral aspect of philosophical and religious speculation about the nature of reality. These writings date from about 1500 BC. They have been described as ââ¬Å"the oldest philosophical literature in the world, and what they say about how people ought to live may thereforeRead MoreUnocal in Burma2825 Words à |à 12 Pagesstable climate. The projected was to transport the gas 256 miles from the yadana field (located in Burma) to Thailand through pipeline which had to be constructed by the Unocal. By conducting research Unocal investigate the risks position on social political environment of the country but the region where the pipeline had to be constructed was not safe enough to work as the Burma had a military dictatorship which accused, harassed the rights of people which in result the Karens , rural part of southern lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-23252892844931952902020-05-14T15:36:00.001-07:002020-05-14T15:36:03.443-07:00Group Behaviour Meaning - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 292 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Sociology Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Television Essay Did you like this example? Group behavior meaning Group behaviourà inà sociologyà refers to the situations where people interact inà largeà orà small groups. The field of group dynamics deals with small groups that may reachà consensusà and act in a coordinated way. Groups of a large number of people in a given area may act simultaneously to achieve a goal that differs from what individuals would do acting alone (herd behaviour). A large group (aà crowdà orà mob) is likely to show examples of group behaviour when people gathered in a given place and time act in a similar wayââ¬âfor example, joining aprotestà or march, participating in aà fightà or actingà patriotically. Special forms of large group behaviour are: * crowdà hysteria * spectators when a group of people gathered together on purpose to participate in an event likeà theatreà play,à cinemaà movie,à footballà match, aà concert, etc. * publicà exception to the rule that the group must occ upy the same physical place. People watching same channel on television may react in the same way, as they are occupying the same type of place in front of television although they may physically be doing this all over the world. Group behaviour differs fromà mass actionsà which refers to people behaving similarly on a more global scale (for example, shoppers in different shops), while group behaviour refers usually to people in one place. If the group behaviour is coordinated, then it is calledà group action. Swarm intelligenceà is a special case of group behaviour, referring to the interaction between a group of agents in order to fulfil a given task. This type of group dynamics has received much attention by theà soft computingà community in the form of theà particle swarm optimizationà family of algorithms. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Group Behaviour Meaning" essay for you Create order lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-21279732511534862482020-05-06T15:23:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:23:34.750-07:00Early Civilizations and the Dawn of the Medieval Age Essay Early Civilizations and the Dawn of the Medieval Age History is an account of mans achievements during the last five thousand years. Though man has been on this planet for about 500,000 years, history only covers a part of this period. The reason for this is that history is essentially based on written documents However the art of writing become known to man, only after 3000 B. C. 1.1 History : Meaning and Importance The word history is derived from the Greek noun historia meaning inquiry or research. Aristotle regarded it as a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological ordering was a factor in the account. The term history has now come to be applied to accounts of events that areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It may be said that history is to the human race, what memory is to each man. It sheds the light of the past upon the present, thus helping one to understand oneself, by making one acquainted with other peoples. Also, as one studies the rise and fall of empires and civilizations, the lessons of the past help one to avoid the pitfalls of the present. History makes ones life richer by giving meaning to the books one reads, the cities one visits or the music one hears. It also broadens ones outlook by presenting to one an admixture of races, a mingling of cultures and a spectacular drama of the making of the modern world out of diverse forces. Another importance of history is that it enables one to grasp ones relationship with ones past. For example if one wonders why the U.S. flag has 48 stars or why Great Britain follows monarchy, one has to turn to history for an answer. History is of immense value to social scientists engaged in research. Thus the political scientist doing research on the parliamentary form of government, has to draw his materials from the treasure trove of history. It preserves the traditional and cultural values of a nation, and serves as a beacon light, guiding society in confronting various crises. History is indeed, as Allen Nerins puts it, a bridge connecting the past with the present and pointing the road to theShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking and Exploitation973 Words à |à 4 Pageseducation, stronger government action and an end to corruption. Human trafficking and exploitation have been a reality from one end of the globe to another for thousands of years. From the beginnings of society, the ancient Greeks and Romans to the medieval times, and up to today, humans have been susceptible to numerous forms of physical and sexual slavery. For almost as long as there have been humans, there have been forms of slavery, but the 1400s signaled the start of European slave trading in AfricaRead MoreThe Decline Of Gothic And Romanesque Art1569 Words à |à 7 Pagesthey saw and dreaded the pain and hate brought onto humanity by Medieval times. Humanists returned to the teachings of the ancient greats to rewrite European civilizations. The Middle Ages were times of chaos and lack of admiration for beauty. Artists of that time were confined in strict rules forced onto them by the clergy or by laic rulers as rival sovereigns waged war upon war for their own glory. The late Middle Ages saw the emergence of Gothic and Romanesque art in Northern regions ofRead MoreHow We Got The Bible1382 Words à |à 6 PagesHow We Got the Bible Ever since I was born I have been attending church. At this young age they teach you everything about the main stories or the main points of the Bible. At my church I learned stories from Noahââ¬â¢s ark to the story of Adam and Eve eating the apple from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. I learned about who was the narrator of the Bible and who created our earth. I never knew who were the people that printed out the pages or chose a specific font for the Bible. I didnââ¬â¢t haveRead MoreResearch Essay - Trojan War1431 Words à |à 6 PagesResearch Essay - Trojan War More than eight centuries ago, Gods and Goddesses lived among mortals, controlling every aspect of life. For every act of nature, rain or sun, war or peace, there was a God who was responsible. In the early centuries, religion was often considered the most important aspect of life. Mycenaean Greeks (Spartans) and the Trojans believed that the gods they prayed to were at war and because of this, they were at war too; this lasted for ten bloody years. In brief, theRead MoreTaking a Look at Pharmacists2543 Words à |à 10 Pagespharmacyââ¬â¢s origin because many theories are based on logic and analogies rather than concrete evidence. Much is known about prehistoric diseases due to the damage of peopleââ¬â¢s bodies found by archaeologists in ancient bones. However, finding evidence of early man trying to use natural resources as medicinal drugs is scarce. Prehistoric man viewed the causes of diseases as wraths from supernatural or spiritual beings. This caused our ancient ances tors to practice a type of ââ¬Å"magicâ⬠which used plants and oftenRead More The History of Art Essay4153 Words à |à 17 PagesThe History of Art Art was the first written language and to study the history of art is to study the history of civilizations and humankind. The Paleolithic cave paintings in France, when viewed in the modern western perspective can only be speculated at as to the intent and/or purpose of the original artisans. Perhaps the paintings of animals were the focal point of a religious ceremony or ritual, surveyed before the hunt, to bring success or perhaps part of a celebration or documentationRead MoreOrigin Development of Sociology as a Separate Science2145 Words à |à 9 PagesSociology as a Separate Science Sociology is one of the oldest of the sciences. Since the dawn of civilization, society has been as a subject for speculation and inquiry along with other phenomena which have agitated the restless and inquisitive mind of man. Even centuries ago men were thinking about society and it should be organized and held views on man and his destiny, the rise and fall of the peoples and civilizations. Though they were thinking in sociological terms they were called philosophers, historiansRead MoreThe Battle Between Christianity And Islam2703 Words à |à 11 PagesCaliphs sworn to Mohammed found Christendom to be the anti-thesis of their faith and hence the primary objective for their conquests. This ideology would remain to be relevant for Jihadists throughout the following millennium. Before the dawn of the Middle Ages in the first millennium A.D, Islam has already successfully encompassed and converted lands extending from the Palestine and Egypt to Syria; all of which were once the basti ons of Christianity in the ancient world. In 1095 A.D when the firstRead MoreHorses in Ancient Greece2985 Words à |à 12 PagesHorses in Ancient Greece When thinking back to the ancient times, the thought of the great chariot races will inevitably enter a persons mind. Horses were not only used for this spectacular and dangerous event in early times, but they were used and worshipped as so much more. The Greeks saw horses as a symbol of speed, competition, and human mastery over nature. They were viewed as an animal worthy of much respect and necessary tool for the Greeks competitive personalities. Horses were anRead MoreJoseph Needham s Impact On The Historiography Of Chinese Science And Technology3648 Words à |à 15 Pageshistoriography of Chinese Science and Technology (ST), arguing that his great achievements were marred by an East/West comparative approach, and that subsequent historians have only partly overcome these restrictions. His multi-volume Science and Civilization in China (1954-ongoing) single handedly thrust China into the Western-dominated historiography. Organized along the disciplinary lines of modern scie nce, Needham sought to document every scientific concept and technology invented in China, which lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-56833994346398539462020-05-05T17:13:00.001-07:002020-05-05T17:13:21.559-07:00Crime and Social Order in Contemporary - MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Answer: Introduction: According to Byrne (2017), Beau Bullock from Canberra faces imprisonment without bail after claims of imprisoning and terrorizing his partner claiming to slay her with a sharp ax. The horrendous act was carried out for five consecutive days before the female hostage sought help from her friend by sending a text message. Bullock is accused of changing the locks on the doors and hinging in screws. The woman's rescue took place on a Tuesday night with help from the police. The following day, Bullock was arraigned in court so as to face charges for the alleged act he had been accused of committing. According to the documents present during the court hearing, the relationship between bullock and the woman had lasted eleven months but they had been close acquaintances for about four years. In accordance with the womans testimony, Bullocks increased aggressiveness and will to control her caused an alarming fear regarding her safety. She even reported an attempt of choking as she peacefully took a rest on her bed. Furthermore, she claims making attempts to acquire the doctor's help during her appointment but unfortunately, bullock accompanied her in the therapy room. The woman told the police that she was afraid of going out without Bullock harming her. Bullock, according to the statements available in court, had gone as far as threatening to kill the woman when she resisted going inside their house after a day out driving. The presiding magistrate Margaret Hunter was immensely alarmed at the rate of violence escalation. Upon Bullocks lawyer denying the said allegations, Bullocks case was set for a later hearing the following month (Vadivel Shaila, 2016). Social structure theory is the unique, established hierarchies of human beings in a societal setting interrelate and live together promoting behavioral growth (Siegel, 2000). The theory of social structure implies that the hierarchy of beings in a community is a major factor influencing crime development. (Lynch, 2002) Those who fall in the top list of the societal hierarchy are bound to fall into the temptation of forcefully inflicting power on their juniors so as to satisfy their personal greed in relation to bullocks case, the leadership role acted by Bullock is in being the head of the family. In his family of two, however, there seems to be a great misunderstanding that must have broke between them that his companion opts on quitting their relationship. It is also evident that Bullock is not ready to let her go and goes to the extreme end of threatening to kill her if ever she refuses to go inside the house. Although the cause of their initial misunderstanding is not clearly stated, the reason can be based on the fact that the woman found out something displeasing about bullock. The displeasing fact may be that Bullock was hiding something considered to be of great importance from the woman. Furthermore, Bullock is depicted to be an easily angered person considering the manner in which he cold-heartedly locks his companion in the house, depriving her of freedom. According to strain theory, some crimes are products of fueled anger due to failure in some aspects of life. The theory of cultural deviance is also evident in relation to the above-stated crime event whereby some individual tends to act fearlessly of the present authorities and showing toughness. Social Conflict Theory Social conflict theory is based on a dictator character whereby individuals correlate using violence instead of settling down agreements (Crowell, 2017). In the above event, Bullock is viewed as a Marxist due to the harsh treatment he imposes on his partner (Korman et al., 2008). He acts mercilessly by scaring his companion with a sharpened axe. The woman possesses inferior qualities to Bullocks threats and attempts. She experiences great difficulty in acquiring the doctors help before opting to text her friend for help. According to the social conflict theory, it is stated that in most cases the offenders who are most likely referred to as the winners possess more powers to intimidate their victims. In the scenario where the womans plans to seek help from the doctor are ruined when Bullock accompanied her to the room only shows the kind of power he had as to accompany her without consent. The above-explained crime event and social theories are among the major life hindrances that most state governments, with the help of the necessary legislature, are working towards abolishing. It is not an easy task dealing with criminals furthermore gaining enough substantial evidence against them. Some prudent criminals of high social class find no shame in bribing their ways out of accused crimes. It is everyones moral obligation to co-operate and help bring justice and truth to the light by reporting any heinous crimes that may be witnessed to the responsible authorities. References Byrne E. 2017. Canberra man charged with choking, confining and threatening to kill partner." ABC. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-26/beau-bullock-charged-with-choking-confining-threat-to-kill/8473552 Crowell L.Erin. 2017. Social Conflict Theory and Crime: Definitions and Approach to Deviance. https://study.com/academy/lesson/social-conflict-theory-and-crime-definitions-and-approach-to-deviance.html Korman, L. M., Collins, J., Dutton, D., Dhayananthan, B., Littman-Sharp, N., Skinner, W. (2008). Problem Gambling and Intimate Partner Violence. Journal Of Gambling Studies, 24(1), 13-23. Lynch, M. (2002). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. PoLAR. Retrieved 26 April 2017, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/pol.2002.25.2.109/pdf Siegel J. Larry.2000.criminology: social structural theory.7th ed.184-219. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=185185 Vadivel, A., Shaila, S. (2016). Event Pattern Analysis and Prediction at Sentence Level using Neuro-Fuzzy Model for Crime Event Detection. Pattern Analysis Applications, 19(3), 679-698. lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-71423358765613231582020-04-09T15:59:00.001-07:002020-04-09T15:59:02.237-07:00Nationalism in Music free essay sample Nationalistic music Is often characterized by pieces having elements of folksongs, folk dances, and folk rhythms. Or subjects for operas and symphonic poems which reflect the national life or history (The Oxford Dictionary of Music 2013). Nationalism in music should inspire people to celebrate the glorious history, cultural characteristics, and cherished values and virtues of their own nations (G. Hubert 2012, p. L). However, Definitions of nationalism depend, of course, on definitions of the nation.It is not likely that consensus will ever be reached on the precise meaning, since different definitions serve different Interests (Tarsuss 2013). Composers such as Jean Sublime, Antonio Dobra, and Vaughan Williams are examples of nationalistic composers (The Oxford Dictionary of Music 2013). As stated above, definitions of nationalism can vary to serve different interests. The sources often use different definitions from other sources. For example, Grove Online states that the most commonly accepted definition (Tarsuss 2013) is from the Harvard Dictionary ofMusic, where the movement Is characterized as a reaction against the supremacy of German music (1 9691. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism in Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While researchers may argue on the precise definition of nationalism, they also discuss the Impacts of the composers and their pieces In their countries. Academic sites such as Grove Online and Oxford have an objective view on composers, their music and nationalism; Grove goes into great detail on many composers. Other sources, such as David G.Hubert and Alexandra Cert. -Wells Patriotism and Nationalism in Music Education claim that nationalism is generally received as a negative phenomenon, and can be reduced to attainment of mere utilitarian goals, neglecting aesthetic values (2012, p. 2). Other sources, like foolhardinesss from listserv. Com, or sites like Talkback (20131 simply state who they think are the top composers who embody nationalism (2010). The sources vary from simple definitions to deep analysis, those who believe it has had a negative impact and those who believe it is a cause for celebration. lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-70354606238441611992020-03-09T14:53:00.001-07:002020-03-09T14:53:02.829-07:00Cloudstreet by Tim Winton.Cloudstreet by Tim Winton. The values and attitudes endorsed by a novel can best be identified through an examination of its conclusion and this is evident in the novel Cloudstreet by Tim Winton. Through close analysis of its conclusion, it can be seen that the main values and attitudes within and towards various concepts such as family, place and reconciliation presented in Cloudstreet, as a whole, are endorsed quite comprehensively in the closure of the text. Using particular techniques of characterisation, theme and narrative structure, these values and attitudes are made evident in the exposition of the text, where the characters have other values, and throughout the development, where the characters go through a life changing process, leading up to the conclusion, of which the characters realise the importance of these concepts.The concept of family is evidently valued in the conclusion of Cloudstreet. The novel endorses the importance of family and how the unity of family members can be rewarding as well as comforting.My sister and her baby.While some of the characters value complex structures of living, such as Oriel's value of hard work, Cloudstreet highlights that these structures of living cannot replace the joys, love and security experienced within family life. This importance of family togetherness can be identified within the conclusion of the novel, where the Pickles and Lambs are having a picnic together 'by the river'. They are happy, dancing and 'dizzy with laughter', embraced with an abundant supply of food of which Winton describes expressively, "Out of the crates come hams, cold chickensa jar of anchovies and a vat of pickled onions."(pg 422). The atmosphere of the family picnic is rather blissful, "But here, here by the river, the beautiful, the beautiful, the river, the Lambs and the Pickleses are lighting up the morning like a dream" (pg 423), lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-55197655839191090632020-02-22T05:19:00.001-08:002020-02-22T05:19:03.109-08:00Sustainable Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsSustainable Development - Essay Example ating for sustainable development, several conditions need to be fulfilled such as respecting the environment and preventing the overexploitation of natural resources. In addition, an emphasis on sustainable development also means minimizing waste production and controlling energy consumption. In order to realise sustainability, development needs to combine at least three elements that include fairness, protecting the environment and promoting economic efficiency (Russel 2007, p.189). As such, projects targeting sustainable development require a consultative process for those impacted and any policy implemented also require endorsement from consumers in terms of transparency and participation. On another note, sustainable development is crucial for the UK government because there is an urgent need to protect biodiversity. In addition, it is also important for the country to engage in efficient use of resources and reduce wastes in order to realise sustainable growth. For the UK gover nment, the needs and also wellbeing of citizens at present and in the future should be treated with great importance. As such, the government other than rebuilding the economy also needs to give attention to the quality of life. Further, implementing policies geared at sustainable development is important in protecting the needs of not only the present, but also future generations (Russel 2007, p.191). Sustainable environment aims at protecting the biodiversity which is important in improving the quality of life for the present and future generations. In essence, new strategy for sustainable development in UK plays a role in ensuring efficient management of the countryââ¬â¢s resources on a long term basis. The UK government is committed towards the realization of sustainable development that involves making important decisions with regard to improving economic growth, dealing with the deficit and maximising wellbeing and the protection of the environment. The government intends to lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-23833486242766632872020-02-05T22:04:00.001-08:002020-02-05T22:04:02.454-08:00Looking Within to Produce Without Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsLooking Within to Produce Without - Essay Example As for the anger for example, I should practice claiming techniques, try to find positivity in every negative situation and this will assist in dealing with my inner feelings and preventing them from coming to the external and running my performance. Self-awareness of the situations that participate in my emotional state is necessary so that I can be able to better handle myself and be a better leader (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee, 2001). My boss is not one of the nice people and this is especially visible when performance declines even if slightly. He is an autocratic leader that likes things to go his way and controls everything leaving us to be only faithful followers. Most of the times our performance is great but there are a few hitches we encounter at times and it is at these times that he is unbearable. The best thing I have learnt is to read his emotional state once he comes in the morning. This is important in order to know how to relate and interact with him for the day without him affecting my day and performance as well. If he is in a terrible mood, the best thing is to avoid crossing his path by asking him questions unless it is a really urgent matter. Becoming least resisting is another way to deal with him. Whatever he wants done no matter the magnitude or time limit I never argue or complain within earshot. This way, he is less angry and no conflicts arise. Leaders are more productive when they have open communication with their team members. This will require them to focus more on others and externally open as well as focusing more on the results. I would like my boss to for example be more supportive of the team by being empathetic and expressing concern about both personal and work issues. In this way, he can cultivate a culture of sharing, getting to know the potential each of us possess as well as develop trust with the team. I would also like my boss to constantly motivate us and especially after one lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-11092984642755834052020-01-28T13:22:00.001-08:002020-01-28T13:22:04.266-08:00Student Handbook University of Luxembourg Essay Example for Free Student Handbook University of Luxembourg Essay Welcome to the Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance of the University of Luxembourg. Dear Student, I should like to take this opportunity to welcome you to the University of Luxembourgââ¬â¢s Master degree course in Accounting and Audit. You have made an excellent choice! The academic Master programme in Accounting and Audit has been developed for you in partnership with leading academics and practitioners. The academic programme offers scientifically based in-depth knowledge of all specialist areas that are relevant to accounting and auditing practice, without neglecting the practical relevance of teaching content or the preparation of candidates for the job market. Students completing the degree course acquire the expertise to solve practical problems on a scientifically sound basis. Candidates aiming to obtain the professional qualification of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises will have completed the theoretical stage of their training on a high academic level when they graduate. This Masterââ¬â¢s programme offers great advantages in terms of subsequently starting a professional or academic career, mainly because many relevant companies and important organisations are based in Luxembourg. This handbook is designed as a reference document for Master of Accounting and Audit students. It gives you general information about the programme and procedures and points you to other places for further information and advice. Use the handbook as the initial source of information and guidance. I do hope you will have an enjoyable and rewarding time and wish you the very best for your future studies. Yours faithfully, Dr Anke Mu? ig Associate Professor of Audit Academic Director Contents A. Study rules .. 1 A. 1 A. 2 Area of applicability . 1 Programme overview . 1 A. 2. 1 Aim of the programme . 1 A. 2. 2 Structure of the programme .. 3 A. 2. 3 Modules of the programme 4 A. 2. 4 Path to the reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises 7 A. 3 Mobility 8 A. 3. 1 General information.. 8 A. 3. 2 Erasmus .. 9 A. 3. 3 Global exchange programme . 10 A. 3. 4 Luxembourg grading system and international correspondences .. 11 A. 4 Charter of rights and duties of students . 11 A. 4. 1 Attendance/punctuality/class behaviour.. 11 A. 4. 2 Student evaluation of courses 12 A. 4. 3 Studentsââ¬â¢ rights 13 A. 4. 4 Studentsââ¬â¢ duties .. 14 A. 4. 5 Treatment of fraud .. .. 15 B. Examination rules. 16 B. 1. Preface . 16 B. 2 B. 3 B. 4 B. 5 B. 6 B. 7 B. 8 B. 9 Nature of examinations 16 Admission and examination committee . 20 Admission to examinations 21 Grading of examination performance . 21 Fraud or attempted fraud 24 Absence from an examination .. 25 Re-examination . 26 Replacement examination . 26 B. 10 Master thesis .. 26 I B. 11 Academic degree .. 27 B. 12 Appeals procedure .. . 27 C. Study guide .. 28 C. 1 Communication . 28 C. 1. 1 Communication with members of the Faculty 28 C. 1. 2 Communication with academic staff . 29 C. 1. 3 Moodle: the e-learning platform . 29 C. 2 General information about studying at the University of Luxembourg . 31 C. 2. 1 Academic calendar 2012/2013 .. 31 C. 2. 2 Class representative and Luxembourg University Student Organisation (LUS) . 32 C. 2. 3 Administrative steps regarding the diploma .. 32 C. 2. 4 Other useful information .. 33 C. 3 Rules and advice on seminar papers and other examinations.. 34 C. 3. 1 General information .. 34 A. 3. 2 The oral presentation of your paper . 35 C. 3. 3 Your written paper.. 35 C. 3. 4 Non-plagiarism statement 37 C. 3. 5 Possibilities for conducting research . 37 C. 4 The Master thesis . 40 C. 4. 1 Research .. 40 C. 4. 2 The proposal 40 C. 4. 3 The role of the supervisor 44 C. 4. 4 Student responsibilities. 45 C. 4. 5 Structure of the thesis .. 46 C. 4. 6 Format 51 C. 4. 7 Submission .. 52 C. 4. 8 FAQ 52 E. APPENDIX . 55 E. 1 E. 2 Admission requirements . 55 Referencing with the Harvard method 56 II Master in Accounting and Audit A. Study rules A. 1 Area of applicability. This document defines the aims, content and structure of the Master in Accounting and Audit programme at the University of Luxembourg as well as the code of conduct for participants. The syllabus design and teaching for this programme are based on these study regulations. They provide the basis on which students plan their course of studies. They also complement the Examination Rules for the programme. A. 2 A. 2. 1 Programme overview Aim of the programme With the Master degree course in Accounting and Audit, the University of Luxembourg will assume the leading role in academic education in the field of accounting and audit. The degree course facilitates access for graduates to demanding roles in the corporate sector, in particular auditing, as well as an academic career. Accordingly, the degree course is committed to providing international training of outstanding academic quality, which is relevant to practice and academic research. The Master degree course in Accounting and Audit sets itself apart from the many degree and other training courses offered in the market by academies, technical universities and professional accounting associations, which are primarily geared to providing practice-based training for accountants and auditors. The current intense debate surrounding the training of accountants and auditors, which is being conducted at European and national level in the wake of the financial crisis and the associated failure also of accountants and auditors, categorically highlights the shortfalls of any training that at the theoretical study stage for accountants and auditors focuses exclusively on conveying practical knowledge. The Accounting and Audit degree course responds to this debate and offers scientifically based in-depth knowledge of all specialist areas that are relevant to accounting and auditing practice, without neglecting the practical relevance of teaching content or the preparation of candidates for the job market. The Accounting and Audit Master degree course in Luxembourg offers advantages in terms of subsequently starting an academic or professional career, mainly because many relevant companies and important organisations are based in Luxembourg. The University of Luxembourg has international links and closely cooperates with other universities in respect of this particular degree course (e. g. with the 1 Master in Accounting and Audit member universities of the Association des Formations Europeenes a la Comptabilite et a lââ¬â¢Audit (AFECA), i. e. the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland), Leopold Franzens University in Innsbruck (Austria) and Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg (Germany)). This offers graduates direct opportunities for an international research career. Leading international accounting, auditing and tax firms such as Deloitte, Ernst Young, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers maintain key branches in Luxembourg. As part of the course, students also work with the European Court of Auditors. This is a specific benefit relating to the location and provides students with unique opportunities during their studies and in career terms: on the Accounting and Audit degree course at the University of Luxembourg, scientific and applied training do not therefore conflict, but complement each other. The degree course is aimed at the following students: â⬠¢ The course attaches particular importance to research-based education. The course therefore provides optimum preparation for a subsequent doctorate in accounting and auditing. â⬠¢ The course targets students who wish to specialise in the field of accounting and audit and aim for a career in finance or accounting or the financial management of companies after completing the course. â⬠¢ The Accounting and Audit Master degree course is aimed at students who wish to obtain the professional qualification of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises. The course offers optimum preparation for this professional qualification, as the teaching content required by the legislator for the theoretical part of the training is comprehensively implemented. In addition, courses of the formation complementaire des reviseurs dââ¬â¢entreprises are integrated in the Master degree course. As a result, the course provides the most efficient access for achieving the professional qualification of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises. At the same time, attendance of the courses relating to the formation complementaire des reviseurs dââ¬â¢entreprises promotes networking by students with auditing professionals. â⬠¢ The programme is also aimed at students who wish to become auditors in another EU member state. It provides optimum preparation for the professional aptitude test (often also referred to as ââ¬Å"audit examâ⬠) in the relevant EU member state. All specialist subjects are taught which are tested in the professional aptitude test under EU Directive 2006/43/EC. 2. Master in Accounting and Audit A. 2. 2 Structure of the programme The Accounting and Audit Master degree course is geared to comprehensively implement all legal provisions in terms of the content, scope of training and minimum ECTS units. As part of the studies, courses must be taken in the core specialist subjects of accounting and audit and in the supplementary specialist subjects. The core and supplementary subjects comprise a total of 109 topics. For a detailed module and course description, see the Module and Course Catalogue. In addition to the obligatory modules, students have the choice between three different elective tracks. Each track consists of 11 ECTS units and one must be chosen in the first semester of the programme: â⬠¢ TRACK 1: additional specialist subject of Luxembourg legislation: This elective track is the module ââ¬Å"ASS Additional Specialist Subject of Luxembourg Legislationâ⬠, which in turn consists of six courses. These courses are offered as part of the formation complementaire des reviseurs dââ¬â¢entreprises. 3 Master in Accounting and Audit â⬠¢. TRACK 2: contextual studies: The purpose of this specific concept is to impart an innovative competence profile, which is to qualify students for demanding management and subsequent leadership positions in companies or the academic sector. TRACK 2 consists of three modules: Management Skills, Reflection Skills and Intercultural Skills. Each module consists of one or more courses. Different courses will be offered every semester. TRACK 2 is organised in close cooperation with the Chambre de Commerce du Luxembourg to guarantee a strong practical orientation and high standard of the courses. In addition to the official diploma from the University, students who successfully complete one or several courses will receive a certificate from the Chambre de Commerce and the University of Luxembourg with a detailed list of the courses attended. â⬠¢ TRACK 3: Internship: Students will be given the opportunity to gain practical experience during an internship in an audit or accounting firm. The internship must last at least 8 weeks. The students must critically evaluate the knowledge they have gained in a presentation and examination session with the director of studies at the end of the internship. A. 2. 3 Modules of the programme. The standard period of study on the Masterââ¬â¢s programme in Accounting and Audit comprises four semesters and 120 European Credit Transfer System points (ECTS). The programme leading to the award of the Masterââ¬â¢s degree is organised in modules composed of a certain number of ECTS credits. Each course has at least one ECTS credit. A credit corresponds to the ââ¬Å"provision of studiesâ⬠requiring between 25 and 30 hours of work. Each module has a maximum of 30 credits and is composed of one or more constituent units, referred to as courses. A semester typically equates to a workload of 30 ECTS units, totalling 60 ECTS units per year. The curriculum is pre-defined, and the courses you will follow result from the schedule. There is one fundamental rule concerning the acquisition of ECTS points: in order to receive the ECTS points students must successfully pass the specific module, i. e. ECTS units are only given per (successful) module. Students can compensate for courses that they have failed within one module (if they have achieved sufficient points in other parts of that module), so it is important to be aware of what constitutes a module. 4 Master in Accounting and Audit Modules and courses of the programme: Module: Introduction to Accounting AFECA Intensive Programme Introduction to Financial Accounting and Bookkeeping Introduction to International Financial Reporting Selected Topics in Accounting Module: Introduction to Audit Risk Management Internal Control Module: Introduction to Law Introduction to Company Law Corporate Governance Civil Law and Commercial Law Module: Statistics Statistics Module: Intermediate Accounting Contemporary Issues in Financial Reporting and Audit Research Group Accounting Accounting for Financial Institutions and the Fund Industry Managerial Accounting Module: Intermediate Audit Auditing and Professional Skills International Standards on Auditing Module: Advanced Company Law Advanced Company Law Module: Corporate Finance Corporate Finance Module: Applied Econometrics Applied Econometrics Module: Advanced Accounting Empirical Research in Accounting and Audit Financial Analysis IFRS Based Managerial Accounting Module: Audit Simulation Audit Simulation 3 3 6 3 3 6 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 4 ECTS 6 2 3 3 Mandatory modules 5 Master in Accounting and Audit Module: Conversion and Insolvency Law Conversion and Insolvency Law Module: Research Computing Research Computing Module: IT and Computer Systems Financial Application Software Accounting Information Systems Module: General Business Studies and Business Ethics General Business Studies and Business Ethics Module: General Economics General Economics Module: Additional Specialist Subject of Luxembourg Legislation Droit du travail et de la securite sociale Droit des assurances Comptabilite bancaireà Legislation bancaire et des autres professionnels du secteur financier Droit fiscal (OAGW) / organismes de placement collectif Droit fiscal Module: Management Skills Leadership and Negotiation Module: Reflection Skills Presentation and Rhetoric Skills Research Skills and Academic Writing Module: Intercultural Skills International Project Management and Intercultural Management Module: Internship Internship Module: Master Thesis Master Thesis 18 11 4 Selective Option 3 2 2 3 Selective Option 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 Selective Option 1 4 4 2 4 2 3 6 Master in Accounting and Audit A. 2. 4 Path to the reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises Students completing the Master degree course acquire the expertise to solve practical problems on a scientifically sound basis. Candidates aiming to obtain the professional qualification of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises will comprehensively have completed the theoretical stage of their training on a high academic level when they graduate and can immediately start the practical stage of their training. For accessing the profession of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises, the candidate must complete four training stages. The professional qualification of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises is granted to persons who 1. submit one or more Master certificates, whereby the holder of the certificate must successfully have completed certain specialist subjects and/or modules with a specific volume of ECTS units (ââ¬Å"creditsâ⬠, ââ¬Å"credit pointsâ⬠). As part of the Master studies, he/she must successfully have completed courses in the core specialist subjects of accounting and audit and the supplementary specialist subjects (e. g. law, IT and computer systems, business studies and economics, corporate finance and mathematics and statistics) and achieved a specific minimum of ECTS units. 2. 3. 4. have successfully completed additional training, which concerns legislationà applicable in Luxembourg. have completed practical training on the job and have passed the professional aptitude test. The Accounting and Audit Master degree course implements the first and second training stages of the option for accessing the profession of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises. Compared with the other options for accessing the profession and courses offered by other universities, the Accounting and Audit course qualifies specifically for the career of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises in Luxembourg. During their studies, students acquire knowledge and skills in the core specialist areas of accounting and auditing as well as the supplementary specialist areas. At the same time, they expand their knowledge with additional information about the legal and administrative provisions which apply specifically in Luxembourg, given that courses of the formation complementaire des reviseurs dââ¬â¢entreprises are integrated in the Master degree course. This means that the legal requirements regarding the content and scope of the theoretical training of reviseurs dââ¬â¢entreprises in the core, supplementary and additional specialist subjects are implemented in full as part of the course. 7 Master in Accounting and Audit Once they have graduated with a Master in Accounting and Audit, students can immediately go on to complete the practical stage of their training and then take the aptitude test for reviseurs dââ¬â¢entreprises. Graduates are exempt from the additional aptitude test on the legal and administrative provisions which apply specifically to Luxembourg during their practical training on the job (ââ¬Å"stageâ⬠) if the qualifying certificate is obtained during the Master degree course. Students have the option to complete the first, theoretical training stage and the second, additional training on Luxembourg legislation simultaneously. The Accounting and Audit Master degree course therefore represents an efficient option for entering the profession and is particularly suitable for students wishing to obtain the professional qualification of reviseur dââ¬â¢entreprises in Luxembourg. lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-44858129593403442852020-01-20T09:46:00.001-08:002020-01-20T09:46:03.324-08:00Chinese Dynasties Essay -- essays research papers Chinese Dynasties: 1. Shang: Also called Yin, dynasty that was China's earliest historically verifiable state 1766 B.C. to 1122 B.C. A. Reason's for Rise: Unlike the early accounts of history by the Chinese, there is archaeological evidence of the Shang, who built their cities in northern China around the eastern parts of the Yellow River. For this reason they are called the Yellow River civilization. They were a bronze age people; bronze-working seems to have entered China around 2000 BC (about one thousand years after its invention in Mesopotamia). B. Territorial Location & size at height of power (map): The Shang ruled the area from the North China Plain northward into present-day Shantung Province and westward to the tip of Honan Province. C. System of government & rule & names of noted rulers and their accomplishments: A city-state confederation with a three-fold structure of king, officials, commoners. D. Major Religious beliefs & practices: The Shang worshiped the earth and other nature deities to whom they offered human sacrifices. They communicated with the supernatural by writing messages on oracle bones. E. *Major Accomplishments, Achievements, and contributions: The Shang society was many agricultural. They had a large army. Bronze casting was highly developed and a writing system had evolved. There commerce was highly developed and they used cowrie shells was used as currency. Shang art consisted of Bronze, pottery, and jade ornaments. Writing: The singular aspect of Shang civilization is their invention of writing. Almost all the written records of the Shang have disappeared, for the court records were kept on strips of bamboo. However, inscriptions on bronze and on the oracle bones still survive so we have specimens of the very first Chinese writings. The writing system was originally pictographic, that is, words were represented by pictures that fairly closely resembled the meaning of the word. The picture for "sun," f or instance, looked much like the sun. This pictographic writing eventually developed into the more complex ideographic writing that we are more familiar with. Chinese writing is one of the only contemporary writing systems that still prominently bears traces of its pictographic origins. Religion: The Shang worshipped a figure they called "Shang Ti," or "Lord on High." This supreme ... ...locally developed. This was especially true in China, with its ancient and vast bureaucracy. While Genghis Khan was still living, he divided the empire between his four favorite sons. Tului, the youngest, received the original Mongol homelands and parts of northern China. Ogadai received western Mongolia and part of northwestern China. Chagatai was given most of Turkestan in Central Asia. The oldest son, Juchi, received southwestern Siberia, western Turkestan, and Russian lands stretching north of the Black Sea. A fifth section of the empire was later added when Hulagu, a son of Tului, conquered Iran, Iraq, and Syria in the 1250s. D. Major Religious beliefs & practices: E. *Major Accomplishments, Achievements, and contributions: The largest empire ever seen F. Major reasons for decline and fall: Genghis Khan and his eldest son, Juchi, both died in 1227. At a convocation of Mongol leaders, Ogadai was appointed supreme khan. Juchi's lands in the west were inherited by his son B atu. Ogadai made his capital at Karakorum in central Mongolia. He immediately set out to add more of China to the Mongol conquests. By 1234 all but the southernmost region of China had been incorporated. lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-90561217883490478962020-01-12T06:10:00.001-08:002020-01-12T06:10:04.350-08:00Comparing and Contrasting Political Ideologies: Robert Kaplan vs. Noam Chomsky Essay1. Chomsky Thesis Outline: The main points within Noam Chomskyââ¬â¢s thesis revolve around his idealistic values and his concept of â⬠Elemental Moralityâ⬠. When describing his concept of â⬠Elemental Moralityâ⬠Chomsky explains that if people cannot rise to the level that has them apply the same standards to themselves that they apply to others, they have no right to talk about whatââ¬â¢s right and wrong. A common example of this hypocrisy has been executed by the United States-whom Chomsky claims to be a â⬠leading terrorist stateâ⬠- in an attempt to justify their countryââ¬â¢s terrorist acts. In other words, when they do it itââ¬â¢s terrorism, but when we do it its counterterrorism. When looking at the U.S. invasion of Iraq, the war aims were claimed to be to overthrow the countryââ¬â¢s brutal dictator Saddam Hussein, in which they succeeded. The U.S. has a history of using the fight for democracy as a justification for overthrowing regimes. However, Chomsky argues that the best way to overthrow power centers and brutal regimes is to do so from within with support of internal democratic organizations. Ironically the very regimes that are being fought against have commonly been found to have support from the U.S.: South Eastern Turkey (the Kurds), Nicaragua in the 1980s, Israel, and Afghanistan during the 1980s to name a few. In Chomskyââ¬â¢s eyes all of these atrocities are all equally immoral simply because they are all atrocities. Chomsky explains that if we want to stop comparing atrocities, the easiest way is to stop participating in them and try to find other ways to deal withà them. As a result, as long as people are able to think for themselves and free themselves from ââ¬Ëthe right wing imperialistsââ¬â¢, then they can pose the same elementary morality, levels of violence and turmoil will globally decrease. Kaplan Thesis Outline: Robert Kaplan has been known for his right-wing views on foreign policy, his concept of â⬠Pagan Ethosâ⬠, and his Hobbsian outlook on human nature and society. Kaplan believes that Judeo-Christian values have no place in politics (Pagan Ethos) and defies Chomskyââ¬â¢s concept of ââ¬Å"Elemental Moralityâ⬠by claiming that we need to accept the necessary evil for the greater good. However this is not to say that there is no line to be crossed morally when accepting such evil, for if more evil is used than ââ¬Ënecessaryââ¬â¢, those committing it will lose their credibility and virtuousness. In Kaplanââ¬â¢s opinion, humanity is not enough of a reason for the U.S. to intervene in a countryââ¬â¢s conflict. He feels that in order for the Americans to justifiably enter a crisis they need to have interest in it as well. In a nationââ¬â¢s time of crisis where time is of the essence, Kaplan infers that itââ¬â¢s all about the short-term decisions the country makes. In terms of domestic policy versus foreign policy Kaplan believes that internationally the world is a lawless place (Hobbsian), and that we should enforce ââ¬ËSoft American Imperialismââ¬â¢. This concept suggests that foreign policy should be run by self-interest, which leads into Kaplanââ¬â¢s aspiration of the United States becoming the worldââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËOrganizing Hegemonââ¬â¢. Kaplan concurs that the United States is the only country whose power and force capable of properly executing a small amount of evil for the greater good. 2. Similarity: In terms of the application of morals in foreign policy, Kaplan has given some leeway towards Chomskyââ¬â¢s concept of ââ¬ËElemental Morality.ââ¬â¢ Kaplan acknowledges that there are certain situations where we should act on morality, and that it would be unacceptable to maintain total realistic values. Genocide might be an example; he cites Darfur, and Bosnia where theà U.S. should have intervened on humanitarian grounds alone. Kaplan recognizes ââ¬Å"without an idealistic component to our foreign policy, there would be nothing to distinguish us from our competitors,â⬠and ââ¬Å"Pure realismââ¬âwithout a hint of idealismââ¬âwould immobilize our mass immigrant democracy, which has always seen itself as an agent of change.â⬠This is concurrent with Chomskyââ¬â¢s assertion in which he states that he is ââ¬Å"guided by moral principlesâ⬠and elaborates that ââ¬Å"the main reason for my concern with U.S. foreign policy are that I find it, in gener al, horrifying,â⬠and ââ¬Å"the foreign policy of other states is also in general horrifyingâ⬠Differences: 1)Where Chomsky feels that all atrocities are equal simply because they are atrocities, Kaplan claims that ââ¬Ëadult choice in foreign policy is based on distinctionââ¬â¢ and that some atrocities were necessary in order to contribute to the greater good. As an example to prove his point Kaplan uses Winston Churchill, whom during WWII had to make the decision to either warn Coventry of oncoming German bombers and risk the Germans discovering the British had cracked the Enigma Code, or allow Coventry to be bombed and have the upper hand against the Germans when intercepting their messages. In the end Churchill chose the latter, knowing full well that although his decision cost thousands of lives, the information the British obtained would potentially save hundreds of thousands-if not millions (the ends justify the means). 2)In terms of how Kaplan and Chomsky believe international feuds should be dealt with, Kaplan argues that humanity alone is not enough of a reason for the United States to intervene in a crisis; they need to have interest in the country itself to make their efforts worthwhile. However, Chomsky feels that if we want to stop atrocities we need to stop participating in them and try finding a more alternative and peaceful approaches to a solution. As long as people are able to think for themselves and free themselves from the mindset of ââ¬Ëthe right wing imperialistsââ¬â¢ they can impose ââ¬ËElemental Moralityââ¬â¢ and therefore progress to peaceful solutions in a more productive manner than simply invading a country. 3. Opinion on Chomsky: I agree with Chomskyââ¬â¢s theory that the United States is a leading terrorist state, and that the government is hypocritical in the context of defining which nations are committing acts of terrorism as opposed to their own stateââ¬â¢s actions. Post 9/11 the Bush Administration was quoted saying, ââ¬Å"As we stated previously there is no middle ground between those who oppose terrorism and those who support it.â⬠Yet, the U.S. has had alliances with Israel, Turkey (the Kurds), Russia, China, Indonesia, Egypt, and Algeria ââ¬Å"all of whom are delighted to see an international system develop sponsored by the U.S. which will authorize them to carry out their own terrorist atrocitiesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ The U.S. was also ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the only country that was condemned for international terrorism by the World Court and that rejected a Security Council resolution calling on states to observe international law.â⬠So why is it that the U.S. has failed to acknowledge themselves as a terrorist state? Perhaps they are too ignorant, or they simply do recognize it but choose to glaze over the facts in order to try preserving their image as a nation ââ¬Ëfighting against terrorismââ¬â¢. As for Chomskyââ¬â¢s concept of ââ¬Å"Elementary Moralityâ⬠, I do consider the idea of people having no double standards when criticizing others for their actions to be a decent ideal to strive for. However, realistically the idea of getting the entire world to one day obtain this mindset is very far fetched. I feel that I side more with Kaplan when I say that the world will always have evil people in it, and they will find a way to inflict inhumane actions upon others. Opinion on Kaplan: From a practical perspective, Kaplanââ¬â¢s theories on foreign policy have more relevancies. Take the example of Syria for instance, and compare Chomskyââ¬â¢s standpoint on statehood and overthrowing regimes in relation to Kaplanââ¬â¢s more measured approach on intervening in other countries. Both Chomsky and Kaplan might agree that the atrocities undertaken by the Assad regime in Syria are just that: immoral and atrocious. However, where Chomsky professes a role of non-intervention for the sake of avoiding hypocrisy, andà would see a benefit rather than a tragedy in the dissolution of statehood, Kaplan would have us ask: ââ¬Å"What is the cost of waiting for internal resolution?â⬠and, indeed, ââ¬Å"When are the costsââ¬âboth economic and humanââ¬âtoo high?â⬠To date, in Syria, the U.S. has chosen a ââ¬Ënon-imperialistââ¬â¢ standpoint more in line with Chomskyââ¬â¢s model of foreign policy for Syria, and what has been the result: ââ¬Å"more t han 120,000 deaths; approximately two million refugees; four million internally displaced; a proxy war between Sunni-dominated countries and Shiah-dominated countries in the region; the largest use of chemical weapons against civilian populations in 25 years.â⬠Mounting humanitarian and economic consequences, in my view, are grounds for considering action rather than inaction in foreign affairs. As Errol Mendes, Professor of International Law at University of Ottawa and visiting fellow at Harvard Law School writes: ââ¬Å"What the failure to act early and especially in the face of the worst forms of violation of international criminal law by the Assad regime has shown is that sometimes the failure to act in such a situation is in fact acting by omission with devastating consequences for the country, the region and the entire global community.â⬠4. Benefit of Comparing: Having an open mind to both Chomsky and Kaplanââ¬â¢s views is simply a good way to extend our knowledge on different theories regarding foreign policy. Moreover, the benefit of comparing Chomsky and Kaplanââ¬â¢s ideologies is that it allows us to recognize there are different, and simultaneously compelling ways to respond to global conflict. Knowing the similarities and differences of both extreme idealism and realism, and weighing options in a time of national or potentially international crisis, can help lead to policy that is based on an informed choice. The importance of well-informed and carefully considered policy in international relations is the consequences. As Chomsky, himself stresses: ââ¬Å"The impact of U.S. foreign policy on millions of people throughout the world is enormous, and furthermore these policies substantially increase the probability of superpower conflict and global catastrophe.â⬠Bibliography Chomsky, Noam. 9-11. New York: Seven Stories, 2001. 40-55. Print. Kaplan, Robert D. ââ¬Å"Interventionismââ¬â¢s Realistic Future.â⬠Washington Post (2006): 1-2. Print Mendes, Errol. ââ¬Å"The Cost of Non-intervention in Syria.â⬠The Cost of Non-intervention in Syria. Ottawa Citizen, 26 Aug. 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. ââ¬Å"â⬠The Reasons for My Concernâ⬠â⬠Interview by Celia Jakubowicz. Noam Chomsky and U.S. Foreign Policy. Third World Traveller, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. . lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-22759849212320434622020-01-04T02:34:00.001-08:002020-01-04T02:34:03.017-08:00A Reflection Of Mankind In Hamlet - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1061 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Hamlet Analysis William Shakespeares Hamlet provides a deep analysis into the lives of the plays characters and how their actions reflect mankind. The play is centered around a young prince, Hamlet, who learns of a tragic event that will impact his life immensely. Hamlets father has died and his uncle, Claudius, has married Hamlets mother and now occupies the throne as king of Denmark. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Reflection Of Mankind In Hamlet" essay for you Create order Upon Hamlets arrival to Denmark to mourn the death of his father, he encounters what appears to be the ghost of his deceased father. The Ghost informs Hamlet that the late king was murdered by Claudius and urges Hamlet to seek revenge. Provided with this rather heavy news concerning his fathers death, Hamlet decides to set out on a journey to discover the truth for himself. It is not uncommon for an individual to take risks to reach success. Many times, in order to achieve a certain goal, a sacrifice must be made. In Hamlet, the characters often delve into acts of deception and betrayal for the sake of obtaining something, implementing revenge, or masking the truth. These two themes remain constant throughout the progression of the play as each character participates in dishonesty and disloyalty to one another in attempt to satisfy their own selfish gains. The actions and relationships between the characters explores the dual nature of humankind and how reality often falls short of expectations. However truthful or trustworthy a character may appear to the audience, Shakespeare adds in a twist that alters the entire play. The satisfaction of ones desires and the advancement of ones power in society serve a huge role in the play. As such, the characters will often go to great lengths to achieve this. Throughout the play, Hamlet frequently falls victim to the betrayal of those from his own family. Knowing that Hamlet was still in despair over his fathers passing, Gertrude, Hamlets mother and queen of Denmark, was quick to jump into a bed of incest with Claudius (1.2.156-157). This course of action perhaps acts as a catalyst to Hamlets madness and possibly serves as an underlying motive for avenging his fathers death. In addition, Claudius, current king of Denmark and Hamlets uncle, claims to love Hamlet as a son, though it is clear that his intentions lie elsewhere. By killing King Hamlet, Claudius has claimed the throne, satisfied his ambition, and married the queen. Though he is fully aware that his soul is stuck to sin, and the more it struggles to break free, the more it sticks, he is not ready to g ive up his power (3.3.69-70). It goes without saying that Claudius is indeed not remorseful, since after sensing a shift in Hamlets disposition, Claudius takes immediate action to ensure that the truth remains hidden. Not only do Gertrude and Claudius fall into a selfish state, but they hurt Hamlet in the act of doing so. The ghost of King Hamlet is an important influencer in determining the fate of the characters. It is the supplier of information regarding what is said to be the truth and ultimately, the creator of conflict within the play. Upon Hamlets interaction with the Ghost, the young prince begins to question himself and his sanity. The Ghost wants Hamlet to revenge his foul and unnatural murder, yet Hamlet is presented with a moral dilemma (1.5.31). Though ending Claudius life may bring Hamlet peace, it does not guarantee an end to all his troubles. During the play, Hamlet sees an opportunity to kill Claudius for his wrong acts, yet notices that Claudius is kneeling in prayer. This leads Hamlet to decide that killing someone while they are praying will only send to heaven, but Hamlet wants Claudius to suffer in hell (3.3.75-85). It is ironic to note, however, that what Claudius prayer entailed was not what one would expect. Instead, Claudius admits that he is not ready to surrender what he g ained from the murder. Therefore, Hamlet could have easily acted had he not mistrusted his own intuition. It appears Hamlets hesitation to act is a betrayal not only to himself, but to his father. He is at a constant war with his own thoughts and feelings. The doubt of his own rationality sends Hamlet further into his madness, which only contributes further to his downfall. The truth of a situation will always find its way out one way or another. In the play, Hamlet struggles a great deal with indecisiveness and the inability to act. As a result, he turns to religion to seek guidance while attempting to muster up the strength to kill his uncle. This internal conflict is ongoing and remains a constant obsession for him throughout the play. Claudius, on the other hand, acts on his intuition without any forethought. It can be noted that Claudius is a foil to Hamlet as these two characters differ greatly in their moral values and actions. Claudius speculations about what Hamlet may or may not know sends him into a state of unease, thus he decides to send Hamlet away to England. Not only does Claudius deceive the people of Denmark by killing their king, but he tries to justify Hamlets leave by saying it is for the princes own good. Out of fear of being discovered as a murderer, Claudius also delivers a letter to England ordering the death of Hamlet so as to preserve his position as king (4.3.60-64). At the end of the play, however, death takes the lives of many of the main characters. The truth is poisonous and once it is revealed, it is like a mouse caught in [his] own trap (5.2.302). Hamlet is an eloquently composed tragedy that reveals how deceit and betrayal can lead to ones demise. Often times, the characters sacrifice their relationships with one another to fulfill their own desires. Claudius and Gertrude put an emotional strain on Hamlets mind in order to achieve personal satisfaction. Additionally, Hamlet must shoulder the burden of his fathers death and decide how to implement action against it. The play reveals not only an ongoing struggle with ones family and friends, but a war with oneself. Though many people want to know the truth of a situation, it can sometimes lead to unbearable conflict. Through the interactions and responses between the characters, Shakespeare illustrates the best and the worst that can arise from human nature. lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-14070559284331428132019-12-26T22:58:00.001-08:002019-12-26T22:58:04.823-08:00Brain Development in Young Children - 696 Words There are many stages that happen when a baby brain is developing. The first three years are what makes the brain responsive to external input. There first three years can capture more efficiently then it will be able to later on. The brain goes through three trimester when it is developing. The brain development is the major conductor for helping a young child learn and comprehend what they are doing. There are also ways that parents and teachers can help enhance the brain development for young children. The pregnancy period is also a main factor with the brain development. The reason for that is because they learn the voice of their mother from her reading. So when the baby is born the can recognize their mother by her voice. During the first trimester is the formation of neural tubes. About seven weeks after the neurons and synapse begin to develop in the spinal cord, which allows the fetus to make movement. In the second trimester is where the gyri and scili appear in the brain s urface. This process is called myelination. This allows the information to process faster in the brain. In order for the brain to achieve the same level of efficiency without myelination the spinal cord would have to be three yards diameter. The third trimester is the transitional period, which is the reflexes such as fetal breathing and responses to the stimuli. Also, during this period the cerebral cortex supports early learning. As they start to get older they are able to develop moreShow MoreRelatedThe Plasticity At A Young Age1693 Words à |à 7 PagesThe brain is constantly changing and molding from new experiences. The plasticity at a young age presents itself in an enormous amount which allows the brain to change and adapt. When a child is bestowed with a traumatic experience at a young age they learn from that and are effected tremendously, because thatââ¬â¢s all the knowledge they contain. 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It also allows for children to focus more in the classroom and it improve their behavior as well. Multiple intelligences also play a role in music, movement, and the arts. By using these creative arts in the classroom, educators lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-69098024950329540862019-12-18T18:47:00.001-08:002019-12-18T18:47:03.935-08:00Marx s Views On Private Property - 1157 Words Introduction English philosopher John Locke and German philosopher Karl Marx seem completely opposed in their views of private property. While Locke believes that private property is a natural right, Marx believes that private property should be abolished. Throughout this paper, Lockeââ¬â¢s and Marxââ¬â¢s individual philosophies on private property will be presented and examined. Ultimately, this paper seeks to show the similarities between these thinkersââ¬â¢ viewpoints on private property and demonstrate that Marxââ¬â¢s philosophies have some roots in Lockeââ¬â¢s. Moreover, this paper will examine how these philosophies affected the course of social, economic, and civilizational process. Private Property and its Relation to Government and Society Locke saw the ownership of property an important natural rights, as well as fundamental to a good government and society. He believed that all citizens had a right toââ¬Å"life, liberty, and propertyâ⬠, if they had the means to attain it (SOURCE). He discusses his theories of property in the Second Treatise of Government. He said that God gave man the earth to hold in common. However, once man adds labor to the earth it becomes their private property. When a man plows a field, for example, it becomes his and so too do the benefits (or the fruits) of this land. 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However, Rousseauââ¬â¢s and Marxââ¬â¢s theories of a general will, or collective being have discrepancies in both the origin and implications of general will and individual will. Rousseau defines general will as a collective desire to advance society towards a common goal. However, Rousseau warns that ignoringRead MoreMachiavelli, Locke, By John Machiavelli1484 Words à |à 6 PagesTimothy Tran Robert Patch History 15 20 June 2015 Machiavelli, Locke, Marx Essay Locke would argue that Machiavelli represents the interests of monarchs who rule without the consent of the people. Locke is against absolute power; he thinks that the government should not be given all the power and that the people should get some of it. Machiavelli on the other hand would want all the power to be given to one person, so that they can make the decisions. Machiavelli argues that because of human nature lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-74324433507771724662019-12-10T15:30:00.001-08:002019-12-10T15:30:03.991-08:00Business Culture of Singapore & Australia-Samples for Students Question: Discuss about the Business Culture of Singapore and Australia. Answer: Rational for country choice This report focuses on the cultural factors of the country Australia. The country has the combination of various cultures which attract foreign companies for the business expansion. Due to innovative business culture, organizations are trying to enter in the country. Country has fair and direct way of communication process. In the direct culture of country, people express themselves freely and speak clearly in the discussions. Along with this, the business and work environment of the country is mostly laid-back and there are good manager-staff relationship in the organizations. Along with this, the work environment and business culture of the country is the consensus oriented. So, this is the reason to select Australia for the study. This country is famous as the wine and seafood country across the world. One of the main attractions of the country is festivals and events that attract tourists from many different countries. Famous as the wine country in the world, the country produces world-class wine in more than 10 different varieties for the tourists (Yildiz, 2014). This region is turning as one of the fastest growing tourist destination because of expenditure done by visitors in last decades. Australia is the country which has fair and direct way of communication. This report focuses on the cultural aspect of the host country which is Australia and Singapore is considered as the home country in this report. There is differentiation between the business culture of Singapore and Australia which is described in report. Along with this, the report also focuses on the Hofstede model of culture to analyze the cultural satiation if Australia fir business operations. The cultural analysis of the country includes communication practices, political and ecological situation of country, local culture and management style of the country. Cultural analysis of Australia Multicultural country There are people in Australia who come from the various backgrounds. Many people in the country have Irish and British backgrounds. At the time of Second World War, many people came from various European countries and different parts of the world. In current time, one third of Australians were born in another country. This country is popular choice for tourists due the hotels, transport, culture, nightlife, food, events and festivals. The country is the most important tourism destination among the tourists. So, Australia is the country of multi culture. Immigration has helped the country to become a dynamic country. Political, social and economical situation Australia has federal constitutional parliamentary democracy so Australians elect parliamentarians for the federal parliament. They have voting rights and it is important for people to give vote. Once people reach 18 years of age, they are obliged to vote. The political situation of the country allows people to live with the freedom. Looking at the social and economic aspects of the country, people have their own personal welfare. For instance, local crime and public safety, food and health, rights to basic services, equality of opportunities as well as civil and personal liberties are the rights for Australians. Local culture The culture of Australia is western culture which is basically derived from Britain but it is influenced by the unique geography of Australian continent. The oldest surviving cultures of the country are Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal people of Australia. The people in the country are basically open, laid back and direct. They generally say what they mean and are more individual and outgoing as compared to other culture. It is observed that more than three quarters of people in the country are living in cities and urban centers along the coast. Communication Communication is the important topic in the business world. In Australia, there are some aspects of communication which must be taken into consideration. It is observed that the Australians value directness over negotiation. While communicating in the country, Australians are not self promotional and in the business life, they show dedication and credibility. This is the normal part of their culture. The country has fair and direct way of communication. In the direct culture of Australia, people say clearly and briefly without adding lots of context. Along with this, they use some non-verbal communication styles so that the spoken message should be delivered with all the relevant information. When a person in Australia gives a message, he expects from the other person to understand the message completely. This reflects the effective business communication styles in Australia. Management style There is the casual atmosphere in Australia which is very important for the business. The Australian business culture is very much included with the opinion of the individuals. So, the culture has consultative style of management which includes open debate. Quite the different, it shows the professionalism and dedication of the Australians. Managers in country do not isolate themselves from other members in the business. Business culture of Australia Australia is the second most individualistic culture in the world after U.S. In the country, business culture is more relationship oriented. It is focused on establishing trust, relying and supporting on the important elements of the business. The work environment and business culture of the country is the consensus oriented. There are consensus oriented style rather than highly directive leadership styles. Senior managers generally consult with the subordinates while making the decisions in the business. In terms of doing business, Australians do not focus on having long-terms relationships with the people (Vidal-Suarez Lopez-Duarte, 2013). Openness There is the openness in the business culture of Australia. People are open and free to put their ideas and viewpoints for the business operations. There is the highly valued culture in Australia. People have traits of the openness and direct manners in which their daily lives are connected. Australians are educated and straight forward in their communications. They have string and confrontational opinions for others. They always value for the directness and respect those people who express their own beliefs and views. In the business context, Australians have new ideas and they are motivated to live discussion and debate (Singh, Joshi Mandhan, 2014). Individualism This is the unique character of the Australians and this is the way adopted by them to interact with other people in the society. Along with this, there is one more characteristics of individualism which must take into consideration that it focuses on the personal privacy of differentiate people from the public and focuses on the private life of people. Equality The Australian culture has the characteristics of quality. The country has the culture of equality where the differences in the status do not matter in the business. This culture in the society avoids the differentiation the people having high income and status. Thus culture includes mutual respect for each other. There is equality in the Australian society focuses on all the aspects of Australian life and business sphere. The Australians avoid academic qualifications, business success and personal achievements since this may perceived as arrange (Akanni, Ahammad, 2015). Difference with Singapore The culture of Singapore focuses on the long term working relations. It is observed that as compared to Australians, the managers of Singapore are more committed towards the long term relationship in business. In terms of cultural differences between Singapore and Australia, people in Singapore are candid, direct, and state to their points with the confrontational way. The approach of Singapore culture is pragmatic along with the ability to discuss any point. Along with this, there is the large difference in the business culture of Australia and Singapore in terms of the working hours. The working hours in Singapore are longer and more intense as compared to Australia. That can be a big cultural difference in the work culture of Australia and Singapore. In the Singapore, values are less among the people and they are focused on the business. On the other hand, Australians have high moral and values. Further, Singapore is more regulated and centrally controlled as compared to Australia . In day to day matters, things happen fast in Australia as compared to the Singapore. There are some differences between Singapore and Australia in terms of business culture. Because of the plenty of natural resources, the economy of Australia has competitive advantage in producing various products like dairy, meat and wine. Along with this, there are key exporters of minerals and coal, travel and logistics etc for the economic growth. On the other hand, Singapore is the small land area and there is the lack of resources but country has driven itself to innovations. In terms of business languages, Australia has no official language and English is spoken by most of the people in which 2.1 million people speak Asian language and 1.3 million speak European language. In Singapore, English is the business language and also used by people there. Most of the Singaporeans have received formal education. Hofstedes cultural dimensions Hofstedes dimension of culture for the organizational research was carried out by the Greet Hofstede. This dimension can be used by various foreign companies while going to expand the business in the Australian market. There are five key dimensions by which the organization can analyze the culture of Australia. Power distance This dimension focuses on the extent by which employees have low power in the company and organization feel that the distribution of the power is not equal. The unequal distribution of power should be noticed by the organizations in the Australian business culture. The culture of Australia has high level score in the power distance index as the managers have equal rights and powers. This is an appropriate culture for the companies to operate the business. Individualism This dimension focuses on how people are converted in to various groups. If the individualism side is focused by the company then it means that people have to take care of themselves and their family also. There are no strong relations between individuals. If the organizations focus on the side of collectivism then it means groups are formed since their births and they have strong connections. In Australia, the culture is more individualism as compared to the collectivism. They combine the needs of individuals to the welfare of society. The problems of industry are handled by Australia by adopting the approach of individualism which is effective for the organizations for the successful business operations (Alkailani, Azzam Athamneh, 2012). Masculinity It focuses on the distribution of the work among the genders of the society. This can be the issue of the society related to the rights of women. This can be the issue for the companies to manage the business in the Australian market. The culture of the company depends upon the culture of the country. In the Australian context, women are free to select their career options. They are equally contributing in the business as men are doing. There is the culture of openness which would be beneficial for the organizations that are going to enter in the Australian business culture. The culture of Australia has high score in the dimension of masculinity (Tang, 2012). Uncertainty avoidance index This dimension focuses on the degree of culture of the specific country to make the member either feel relaxed or uncomfortable in the situations. There are two ways to avoid uncertainty of culture i.e. avoid culture or accept uncertainty in the culture. By imposing some strict laws and regulations, the uncertainty in the Australian culture can be avoided (Hofstede, 2011). Long term orientation This is the dimension which is focusing on the taking some interviews of some of the Australian scholars. It is said that the western culture is short term oriented which means people have values some traditions to complete all their social obligations. The culture in Australia is long term oriented which is carefulness. The people in Australia use their capability to accomplish their work and objectives in the business culture. People are using western culture to enhance their capability to get success in the business culture (Parente, Baack, Hahn, 2011). Strategies by foreign companies Based on the above discussed model, it is observed that the culture of Australia is open, aggressive and full of value along with the other aspects like working relationships and cooperation. There is the combination of various cultures which attract the organizations to operate the business significantly. Australia has high level of power-distance factor which is the key cultural trait of the country. This factor reveals that there are strong relationships between managers and employees in the organizations operating in the country. To stay effective in the Australian market, foreign companies need to have strategic business plans based on the practical experiences, understanding and insights. Further, to balance the risk, compliance outcomes and taxation, they should have effective business structures. Companies should have existing companies in the Australian market for the easier entry in the market. This cultural aspect of Australia makes the effective market for the organizations to operate the business. Culture of the country focuses on the power and prestige based on the western European culture. People on the high authority try to do their best and impact the subordinates so companies must set some directions for the effective business operations. Australians are hard working and dedicated people so, companies can focus on hiring of the employees so that limited resources can be used effectively (Kragh, 2012). Conclusion Based on the above analysis, it is observed that Australia is the suitable country for the business expansion. In terms of cultural differences between Singapore and Australia, people in Singapore are candid, direct, and state to their points with the confrontational way. Communication is the important topic in the business world. In Australia, there are some aspects of communication which must be taken into consideration. It is observed that people in the country like to do direct communication rather than negotiations. Having a varied workforce is increasingly being recognized within the organization as helpful in improving the performance of the organization, and also a crucial that organizations can focus and solve this. Australia is the country of multicultural factors and it is considered as the politically safe country among the organizations. Further, in the business context people in the country use their capability to accomplish their work and objectives in the business cul ture. They are influenced western culture to enhance their capability to get success in their business operations. Further, the political situation of the country allows people to live with the freedom. Looking at the social and economic aspects of the country, people have their own personal welfare. It is also observed that people in the country are not self-promotional. They communicate directly at any point in the discussions and debates. In the business culture of Australia, people are dedicated towards their work which is helpful for the foreign companies to gain profit in Australian market. Based on Hofstede model, it is analyzed that there is the culture of openness which would be beneficial for the organizations that are going to enter in the Australian business culture. At last, it can be said that the Australian culture is individualism and Australians do not form groups while operating the business. They only form the groups while focusing on the welfare of the society. It is observed that there are various cultural traits in Australia which make the country attractive for doing busine ss. The existing cultural aspects attract various foreign direct investments to expand their business in the country. References Akanni, M. and Ahammad, M. (2015). National Cultural Distance and International Acquisition Performance. JOEBM. 3(2). pp.183-187. Alkailani, M., Azzam, I. and Athamneh, A. (2012). Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture. IBR, 5(4). Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture. 2(1). Kragh, S. (2012). The anthropology of nepotism: Social distance and reciprocity in organizations in developing countries: International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 12(2). pp.247-265. Leahy, M., Dellal, H., Cahill, D., (2004). Religion, and Safeguarding Australia. Retrieved on 31st October 2017 from https://amf.net.au/library/uploads/files/Religion_Cultural_Diversity_Main_Report.pdf Parente, R., Baack, D. and Hahn, E. (2011). The effect of supply chain integration, modular production, and cultural distance on new product development: A dynamic capabilities approach: Journal of International Management. 17(4). pp.278-290. Singh, V., Joshi, P. and Mandhan, S. (2014). Concept Integration using Edit Distance and N-Gram Match. IJDMS. 6(6). pp.01-11 Tang, L. (2012). The direction of cultural distance on FDI: attractiveness or incongruity?. Cross Cultural Management.19(2). pp.233-256. Vidal-Suarez, M. and Lopez-Duarte, C. (2013). Language distance and international acquisitions: A transaction cost approach: International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 13(1). pp.47-63. Yildiz, H. (2014). Not All Differences Are the Same: Dual Roles of Status and Cultural Distance in Socio-cultural Integration in Cross-border MAs: Journal of International Management. 20(1). pp.25-37. lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-62777623936237467512019-12-03T03:12:00.001-08:002019-12-03T03:12:03.622-08:00The Basics of the Electron Transport Chain Essays (911 words) The Basics of the Electron Transport Chain Article Summary:The electron transport chain is the most complex and productive pathway of cellular respiration. Here's a straightforward, simplified explanation of how the ETC works. All living things run on energy. If the organism is a plant or autotrophic microbe, the energy comes from sunlight. For all other forms of life, energy is extracted from nutrients through the reactions of metabolism--cellular respiration. Cellular Respiration the Electron Transport Chain Regardless of whether the original form of energy is sunlight or food, it must ultimately be converted to the cellular energy currency of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). or most organisms, this conversion is accomplished though cellular respiration, a series of biochemical pathways in which glucose (asugar) is broken down and the energy extracted is converted to ATP. The pathways of cellular respiration include: 1. glycolysis, 2. conversion of acetyl-CoA, 3. Kreb's cycle 4. electron transport. Electron transport is the most complex and productive pathway of cellular respiration. Duringaerobic respiration, the ETC produces 34 of the 38 ATP molecules obtained from every molecule of glucose. or most organisms, this conversion is accomplished though cellular respiration, a series of biochemical pathways in which glucose (asugar) is broken down and the energy extracted is converted to ATP. Where the Electron Transport Chain Is Located Electron transport requires a membrane in order to work. Inprokaryotic cells, those of bacteria and bacteria-like Archaeans, electron transport takes place in the cell's plasma membrane, in folded areas called mesosomes. For most organisms, this conversion is accomplished though cellular respiration, a series of biochemical pathways in which glucose (asugar) is broken down and the energy extracted is converted to ATP. The pathways of cellular respiration include: 1. glycolysis 2. conversion of acetyl-CoA 3. Kreb's cycle 4. electron transport. Electron transport is the most complex and productive pathway of cellular respiration. Duringaerobic respiration, the ETC produces 34 of the 38 ATP molecules obtained from every molecule of glucose. Whichever type of membrane houses the cell's electron transport chains (plasma membrane, inner membrane of mitochondria or the tylakoid membrane of chloroplasts)cells have many ETCs running continuously, to produce the ATP energy required for cells to survive and thrive. How the ETC Works Most of theATPmade incellular respiration comes from the stepwise release of energy, of a series of oxidation-reduction reactions between molecules embedded in the plasma membrane(prokaryotes)or mitochondria(eukaryotes). It is easiest to understand how electron transport works by dividing this process into three main events: 1.Oxidation Reduction Reactions During glycolysis, synthesis of acetyl-CoA and Kreb's cycle, the electron carriers NAD+ and FADH are reduced to form NADH and FADH2 respectively. These molecules are like little rechargeable batteries, and when NAD+ and FADH are reduced, this means that they accept and carry electrons and hydrogen ions (H+), potential energy that can be used later in cellular respiration. In the electron transport chain, these electron carriers are oxidized, transferring their electrons to the carrier molecules embedded in the ETC membrane. In aerobic respiration, these electrons are passed from one carrier molecule to another in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions, and ultimately to the final electron acceptor, oxygen (O2), that combines with hydrogen, resulting a water (H2O), a metabolic waste product. 2.Creation of Hydrogen Ion Gradient The energy from each electron being passed down the chain is used to pump a proton (H+) through each carrier molecule, from one side of the membrane to the other. This creates a proton gradient, a type ofconcentration gradient(difference in concentration of a substance between two sides of a membrane), and gradients are potential energy available for cellular work. 3.Phosphorylation of ADP(The payoff!) The hydrogen ions (H+), on the side of the membrane where most concentrated, will eventually flow back across the membrane, down the proton gradient, through anenzymecalledATP synthase. As each H+ moves back across the membrane, the enzyme ATP synthase phosphorylates (adds a phosphate to) adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to make the high energymolecule ATP, which can be used for many different energy-requiring reactions throughout the cell. Taken from : http ://www.scienceprofonline.com/metabolism/electron-transport-chain-cellular-respiration-3.html 10 QUESTIONS How does the ETC works? If the organism is a plant or autotrophic microbe, the energy comes from sunlight. For all other forms of life, energy is extracted from nutrients through the reactions of metabolism--cellular respiration. Which are the pathways of cellular respiration? glycolysis conversion of acetyl-CoA Kreb's cycle electron transport. During aerobic respiration ,how many lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-46753542950076563672019-11-27T10:16:00.001-08:002019-11-27T10:16:04.007-08:00Style Of J. D. Salinger Essays - J. D. Salinger, Free EssaysStyle Of J. D. Salinger Essays - J. D. Salinger, Free Essays Style of J. D. Salinger Many critics consider J.D. Salinger a very controversial writer, for the subject matters that he writes.. J.D. Salinger?s works were generally written during two time periods. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960?s. Critics feel that the works during the 1960 time period were very inappropriate, because of the problems for which he wrote. The main characters were generally misfits of society. In most of his works, he has the protagonist of the story go on a quest for happiness. Salinger does not conform to the material happiness; the characters undergo a spiritual happiness. The characters generally start out as in bad conditions, through the end of his works they undergone changes that change them for the better. The works of J.D. Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. Salinger?s works often use religion in order to portray comfort. In Salinger?s Nine Stories Franny Glass keeps reciting the "Jesus Prayer" to cope with the suicide of her brother Seymour (Bloom in Bryfonski and Senick 69). Salinger is able to use this prayer as a means of comfort for Franny. The prayer ezds for the last hope for Franny in this situation. Franny would be lost if their was no prayer. (Bryfonski and Senick 71). Salinger shows us comfort in Catcher in the Rye. Holden Caufield, the protagonist, is very much in despair for losing his girlfriend, so Caufield reads a passage in the Bible. This helps Holden change his outlook on life (Salzberg 75). Holden was all alone at this point and had no one to turn back on, until he found the Bible (Salzberg 76). In both stories the characters had found themselves in bad situations. The characters in these works have obstacles which they must overcome in order to achieve happiness (Salzman 34). Happiness is the very subezce which all of these characters are striving for in Salinger?s works. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation (Madsen 93). In Nine Stories one of the characters, Seymour Glass, is portrayed as Buddha in the sense that he wants to be liberated as Buddha was in his life (Madsen 93). Seymour Glass in Nine Stories has a certain philosophy about life, it is similar to the Eightfold Path used by Buddha when achieving nirvana (French in Matuz 212). Seymour Glass is on a quest to become free from all of the suffering in his life as Buddha was from his life (French in Matuz 213). Seymour follows the Eightfold path to become liberated from suffering (Madsen 96). Seymour achieves "nirvana" by living a good life and end anything that causes suffering. Seymour is able to attain nirvana by committing suicide (Lundquist in Matuz 211). Salinger shows us that when Seymour committed suicide he let go of all of the suffering that he encountered, thus attaining the happiness he longed for (French, Salinger Revisited 132). Salinger shows liberation as an end to all suffering, thus creating happiness for the character. (French, Salinger Revisited 133). The final function of religion as a means to attain happiness was to gain peace In "The Young Lion," Salinger uses religion to gain peace through a fictitious war. In the story many of the soldiers were dying and the countries were in turmoil (Lundquist 312). The leaders in the story see a vision on the battlefield that changes them, and stops the war (Lundquist 315). Salinger shows how religion can be a force used to create happiness in a story, by creating peace (Lundquist 313). Salinger is able to use religion as a means of attaining happiness through peace. The story seemed very dismal, until religion intervened and stopped the conflict. Salinger creates happiness for the characters by stopping the conflict. In "The Stranger" Salinger creates peace through a war by using more of the Zen philosophy. Salinger?s creates a "Pact of Peace" which stops the conflict between lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-73087732427564607962019-11-23T17:50:00.001-08:002019-11-23T17:50:03.601-08:00Im Scrooges old business partner and best friend EssaysIm Scrooges old business partner and best friend Essays Im Scrooges old business partner and best friend Paper Im Scrooges old business partner and best friend Paper This is the ghost of Marley; Im Scrooges old business partner and best friend. I am here on this particular day partly as it was the night of my death seven years ago but I am really here as I have a chance to tell and warn Scrooge that hes heading down a bad road and that hes living a selfish, horrible and wicked life. If hes does not change he will condemned to wander for eternity and witness what he cannot share. I knew Scrooge well as he was my best and only friend and he was my business partner. We had a lot in common. We were selfish and greedy with no feelings for the poor or needy. We just wanted more and more money. We may have been rich but we were certainly poor in sprit and no joy in us. Yes, Old Scrooge is definitely a humbug but he was still my best friend. Earlier this day Scrooges nephew arrived and wished scrooge a merry Christmas and surprise, surprise Scrooges reaction was Bah! Humbug. His nephew thought he didnt mean that but then Scrooge said to him What right have you to be merry, youre poor enough. I cannot believe he said such a thing to his nephew, he treats his family no better then other people. Scrooge assumed that his nephew was just there to visit him for a present of some sort like money but in reality he only wanted to catch up on scrooge and hear whats been happening in his life? Basically he wanted to be a friend. Scrooge was having none of it has he is a selfish unsociable man. While his nephew walked out the clerk accidentally let two gentlemen in. These gentlemen where calling as they knew Scrooge was well off and would definitely be able to spare some money for the needy and poor. When they entered they asked if they could speak to either Scrooge or Marley. Scrooge replied saying that Marley had died seven years ago this night. The two gentlemen answered saying that they had no doubt that his liberality was well represented in his surviving partner. I can definitely say that that statement is true as I am nearly as mean and selfish as Scrooge himself. The gentlemen asked if he would like to make some slight provision for poor and needy, but Scrooge replied that he didnt make himself merry at Christmas and he couldnt afford to make idle people merry either, He also said that he paid taxes anyway and they provided funds for the workhouses and jails. My heart sunk when I saw how selfish and greedy he is as I knew thats what I used to be like as well. Outside of Scrooges workplace the fog and darkness was really thick and impenetrable. I am stating this as I think this reflects Scrooges character as he is selfish, greedy and mean man and he has no consideration for others. He does not even consider his workers and he very unwillingly gave Bob Cratchit, his personal assistant the day off for Christmas, complaining that he was getting paid for not working. When you look at Scrooges financial state and Bobs financial state, it is terrible to think that Scrooge couldnt just spare him Christmas off without any fuss. Scrooge yet again headed home after another day of work to his lonely old house where he would have his dinner by himself once again. But let me tell you he will have company during tonights dinner as I am going to visit him this very night. I follow him home as he leaves his office and I see the house I once shared with him. Oh the memories I have of that house are still coming back to me now. I decide to give him a wake up call; a wee shock I make my face appear on his doorknocker thinking this will give him a fright. It doesnt really seem to work as he just opens door and walks in to his house. It is quite funny to see him look behind door to see if my pony tail is coming out from the back of the doorknocker. When he slams door closed I make a lot of scary noises like thunder and lighting. But Scrooge doesnt seem to be scared by echoes or thunder. I think to my self how ungrateful he is and I start to get quite serious but I do realise that he has double locked his door which is unusual for him so I know he is getting slightly scared. But Scrooge just forgets about it and goes to count his money by the fire. I just look at him with a forgiving heart. All I want to do is to help him, you must remember that. So I make my face appear on the fire tiles but he just says Humbug , the way he always does. He then glances at the disused bell at the corner of the room. Nows my chance I make it ring. He is astonished to see it move. I then make my way up from the cellar into his room, unlocking the door. I have big heavy chains around me with boxes on them and as I walk up the stairs I sound like an elephant. This is because the chains are so big and heavy. This I think will definitely work but again Scrooge just shouts Humbug and assumes he is hearing things. I cant take this anymore so I go up to him in person as a ghost obviously. I myself look just like I did on the day I died except for the heavy chains on me and a bandage round my head. These bandages were shoved on around your head to keep your jaws closed in coffins. I despised them so much. Scrooge is shocked to see me and shocked that you look the same as I did seven years ago when I where alive. However Scrooge still refuses to acknowledge that you are real and not is imagination. He blames the fact that he sees you on something he ate that day. I tell him why Im here but Scrooge cant understand so I start to describe my wasted life to him and how I regret it so much and I say to him again that Im here to offer him a chance to change his fate of having to wonder eternity like me and carry these heavy chains on his body. Before I leave I warn Scrooge that there will be another three spirits which will visit you tonight. I leave him wondering about what he has just seen, hoping that he will change his self-centred life and not have to spend eternity like me. Personally however I think Scrooge is too much like me and will forget my visit and keep living a life of selfishness like I did. lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-43121971991466156322019-11-21T05:31:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:31:12.214-08:00Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 wordsBusiness management - Essay Example On the other hand behavioral theory argues out that any individual who can adopt a behavior that is appropriate can be considered to be a good leader. Behaviors could be learned in an easier manner than traits making the leaders to access all behaviors. As opposed to the trait theory that believes that all leaders may be born, behavioral theory argues out that leaders may not be born. The process of leadership can be learned thus not automatic. Different leaders are made through hard work and efforts. The behavioral theory argues out that managersââ¬â¢ potential of leadership can be could be trained to leadership that is effective thus leadership needs to be combined together with management so as to obtain significant outcome. In this regard, the theories of behavior are based on the idea that leaders are normally made instead being born. With this basis, the theory of behaviourism focus on the leaders actions instead of traits. Transformational leadership is a leadership style that facilitates morale, performance, and motivation of the followers by using various mechanisms. The first mechanism include having the followerââ¬â¢s identity and self sense connected towards the project and an organizationââ¬â¢s identity. The second mechanism is challenging the followers for them to assume a great working ownership. The third mechanism involves serving as a role model of the followers hence inspiring them and boosting their interest. The last mechanism involves getting to know the weaknesses and the strengths of the followers for the leader to align the followers with tasks for enhancement of their performance. An organization that will call for transformational leadership is an organization whose workers need their needs to be addresses, for them to rise beyond self interest for the organizational sake. This is an organization whose workers have a consciousness level considered as below the optimal level o f the lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-75456114539567337782019-11-20T03:39:00.001-08:002019-11-20T03:39:04.535-08:00Annotated Bibiograpgies of 6 SPANISH works BibliographyBibiograpgies of 6 SPANISH works - Annotated Bibliography Example El fama mas destacado de Dario esta derivado de estos tres. Sin embargo, Azul, reconocido como la obra que mas defina el movimiento modernista, es una coleccion de prosa y verso que representa la interpretacion de Dario. Esta intepretacion incluye principios artisticos de la escuela de parnassismo frances. Este enfoque en el parnassismo frances incluye restriccion, objetividad, y descripcion precisa, en su lengua nativa. Con sus temas y sintaxis directo, las escrituras en Azul reanimen a la literatura espanola. Desde su titulo enigmatico a la estructura de de la obra, que consiste de historias y poemas, es la obra mas representativa del periodo modernista. Ya esta aceptado que con esta coleccion de poesia, Dario se ha dado un nuevo sentido y ritmo a la lengua espanola. Su obra Azul es una parte de trabajo que de veras merece reconocimiento ancho. Annotated Bibliography (cont'd) Franco, Jean. An Introduction to Spanish-American Literature. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1995. sta es una edicin revisada, actualizada de la obra clsica de Jean Franco que se llama Introduction to Spanish-American Literature. Primero publicada en 1969, esta obra se ha sido recomendada mucho puesto que ese tiempo. El alcance de esta obra se extiende a partir de las pocas coloniales hasta hoy en dia. Los captulos posteriores fueron refundidos radicalmente para tomar cuenta de la mayora de los recientes desarrollos en literatura y crticas. Las traducciones inglesas se proporcionan para las citas espaolas en el texto, y las listas de lectura extensivamente actualizadas de material primario y secundario. Estas listas se refieren no slo a los textos espaoles pero tambin, donde disponibles, para las ediciones en ingls. En su...Con sus temas y sintaxis directo, las escrituras en Azul reanimen a la literatura espanola. sta es una edicin revisada, actualizada de la obra clsica de Jean Franco que se llama Introduction to Spanish-American Literature. Primero publicada en 1969, esta obra se ha sido recomendada mucho puesto que ese tiempo. El alcance de esta obra se extiende a partir de las pocas coloniales hasta hoy en dia. Los captulos posteriores fueron refundidos radicalmente para tomar cuenta de la mayora de los recientes desarrollos en literatura y crticas. Las traducciones inglesas se proporcionan para las citas espaolas en el texto, y las listas de lectura extensivamente actualizadas de material primario y secundario. Estas listas se refieren no slo a los textos espaoles pero tambin, donde disponibles, para las ediciones en ingls. En su estudio importante, Jean Franco dedica su introduccin a la literatura de Amrica espaola. Esta cubierto el periodo entre la Conquista y circa 1750, y dentro de sa, da el apenas un por ciento de su paginacion al tratamiento de la literatura indgena. Desde la publicacin de este libro, sin embargo, la nocin de las obras literarias hispanoamericanas ha alterado drsticamente y la lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-72314896664324431062019-11-17T16:10:00.001-08:002019-11-17T16:10:07.526-08:00Gender Differences in Fundamental Movement Patterns Essay Example for Free Gender Differences in Fundamental Movement Patterns Essay Raudsepp and Paasuke (1995) tested 60 8-year olds (33 boys and 27 girls), finding that there are no sex differences in the kinematics of running. However, they found that boys perform better in overhand throwing and in tasks evaluating motor performances and muscle strength. Girls outperformed the boys in two tasks: sit and reach and balance (p. 294). This study merits discussion on several fronts. First, the researchers hypothesize that factors other than biological account for the gender differences in motor skills that they found in their tests (p. 301). Second, the researchers note that biological variables had been considered in previous studies (p. 294), and they made this point a significant aspect of their own investigation. Third, the children were given classes before the testing sessions (p. 295). In trying to account for the results of their study, the authors hypothesize that factors other than biological could account for the gender differences. Biological factors include age, height, weight, and body fatness (p. 294). A factor that could explain these differences is experience. Indeed, the authors note that, in the case of overhand throwing, girls do not have the same amount of experience as boys, and that boys have more memories of practicing overhand throwing (p. 295). In trying to eliminate biological factors from the results of their study, Raudsepp and Pausuke standardized the age factor, as they chose only 8-year olds for their study. They also measured the height, weight, and BMI of their subjects, finding that there were no significant sex differences in height and BMI. However, the boys were heavier than the girls (p. 297). In their choice of subjects, the researchers have chosen groups that differ only in the biological factor of weight. This is a significant point for their study, however, there are other biological factors that could have been considered and that possibly might account for some of the differences the authors observed. For instance, could joint length (in proportion to height) account for the difference in stride lengths in the running kinematics test? Also, if the boys and girls are similar in height and BMI, what aspects of the body composition of boys accounts for their heavier weight? An intriguing aspect of this study is that the researchers gave the children classes before the testing sessions. In these classes, children were taught the proper techniques of running and throwing (p. 295). As these classes likely impacted the childrenââ¬â¢s performance in the tests, additional information should have been provided to the reader. Who taught these classes? Were the instructors male or female? Were the children separated by gender in the classes, or were boys and girls taught together? An additional component that could make an ideal subject for future investigation would be to test the children both before and after the training sessions. In this way, the elements of experience and technique could be weighed against performance, particularly in the task of overhand throwing. In summary, this study largely confirmed findings from previous studies. The authors, in their attempts to standardize biological factors, bring up important questions to consider in future studies. In the area of biological factors: What accounts for the boysââ¬â¢ heavier weight? Does limb length account for differences in stride length? Is there a difference in body composition or limb length that accounts for girlsââ¬â¢ increased flexibility and balance? In respect to environmental factors: How did the technique classes affect the childrenââ¬â¢s performance? lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2800773895691661889.post-32885709299377301042019-11-15T04:42:00.001-08:002019-11-15T04:42:05.355-08:00Does attachment theory provide a sound basis for advice on how to brin Does the attachment theory provide a sound basis for advice on how to bring up children? To answer this question for advice to parents I will explore some of the details of the attachment theory showing, 1) earlier studies and more up to date criticisms, 2) how it proposes family members and day care can affect a childââ¬â¢s upbringing. Attachment is the bond that develops between caregiver and infant when it is about eight or nine months old, providing the child with emotional security. Meshing commences from when the child is being fed, onto taking part in pseudo-dialogue and then following on to the child taking part in a more active role of proto dialogue, illustrated by Kaye (1982), other concepts such as scaffolding and inter-subjectivity have also been explored by psychologists. As the infant grows older the attention escalates towards the direction of the caregiver. John Bowlby(1958, 1969, 1973, 1980) pioneer of the attachment theory was involved in research regarding the emotional connection between the adult and infant and he believed that the early relationships determined the behaviour and emotional development of a child. In an early Bowlby (1944) study he discovered children who had an unsettling upbringing where more likely to become juvenile delinquents. His work is constantly open to criticism and has been revisited with further research. Subsequent research has based measuring security and insecurity in a child from an early age using the Strange Situation Test. Other research has shown certain trends of difficult behaviour and how the child interacts with the caregiver actively. Bowlbyââ¬â¢s theory was based on ideas from ethology and previous work, psychodynamic theory by Sigmund Freud, it was appropriate for the 1950ââ¬â¢s after the 2nd World War when women were returning to household duties and motherhood as men returned to their employment after the war. He believed that a child should have interaction with one caregiver ââ¬Ëmonotropismââ¬â¢ and that separation from this person would trigger the ââ¬Ëproximity promoting behavioursââ¬â¢ in the attachment structure. The caregiver arriving would cause the behaviours of, clinging, making noises and crying to discontinue. The protected foundations of the affectionate bonds occurring between parent and infant representation becomes part of the internal working model. Those become the foundations and the heart of a... ...how parents create persons, Brighton, Harvester Press. MAIN, M. and SOLOMON, J. (1990) ââ¬Ë Procedures for identifying infants as disorganised/ disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situationââ¬â¢ in GRENNBERG, M. T. CICCCHETTI, D. and CUMMINGS, E. M. (eds) Attachment in the Preschool Years, Chicago Ill., University of Chicago Press. VAN IJJZENDOORN, M. H. and KROONENBERG, P. M. (1988) ââ¬ËCross-cultural patterns of attachment: a meta-analysis of the Strange Situationââ¬â¢, Child Development, 59, pp. 147-56 RICHMAN, N., STEVENSON, J. and Graham, P. J. (1982) Pre-School to School: a behavioural study, London, Academic Press. ROBERTSON, J. and ROBERTSON, J. (1952), A Two-Year-Old Goes To Hospital, ââ¬ËAttachmentââ¬â¢, T. V. program, The Open University (2000), ED209 Child Development, Milton Keynes, The Open University SAMEROFF, A. J. (1991) ââ¬Ë The social context of development ââ¬Ë in WOODHEAD, M., CARR, R. and LIGHT, P. (eds) Becoming a Person, London, Routledge. STEWART, R. B. (1983) ââ¬Ë Siblings attachment relationships: child-infant interactions in the strange situationââ¬â¢, Development Psychology, 19, pp. 192-99. à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à lisawallace199942http://www.blogger.com/profile/08672965011080343575noreply@blogger.com0